Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 April 2011
British colonial administrators had two strategies for governing towns in Malaya during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. They used Sanitary Boards to improve public health and to control populations indirectly, and they relied on police forces for direct forms of discipline. Both strategies reveal the overall weakness of the British colonial regime in that region.
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5 I have chosen to use early twentieth-century, or contemporary, spellings of Malayan place names (e.g. Malacca rather than Melaka) in the text of the article. A few bibliographical citations use late twentieth-century variants.
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33 Ibid., 123.
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39 Kinta Sanitary Board North, ‘Minutes 21 July 1906’, ‘Minutes 22 October, 1906’, ‘Minutes 20 April 1907’, ‘Special meeting 4 November 1907’, ‘Minutes 16 April 1910’, Arkib Negara, Malaysia.
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