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2 Ibid., 315.

3 See Dixin, Xu and Chengming, Wu, Zhongguo ziben zhuyi mengya [Chinese Proto Capitalism] (Beijing: Renmin chubanshe, 1986)Google Scholar which attempts to summarize this issue in a volume dealing with the appearance of proto-capitalist forms in agriculture, demography, handicraft production, among wage workers and in legal codes. The discussion includes conditions in trades such as silk, cotton, pottery, salt, tea, sugar, tobacco, wine and printing in traditional China and covers conditions from the seventeenth through the nineteenth centuries. This is the first volume of a series entitled the History of the Development of Chinese Capitalism.

4 ‘The Chinese Revolution and the Chinese Communist Party’, Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung, vol. 2 (1985), 311.Google Scholar

5 Fingar, Thomas, Higher Education and Research in the People's Republic of China: Institutional Profiles (Washington, D.C.: Committee on Scholarly Communication with the People's Republic of China, National Science Foundation, 1981), 213–15Google Scholar and ‘Social Sciences’, China Facts and Figures (Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1983), 1–5.Google Scholar

6 ‘Dangdai Zhongguo congshu zongxu’ [General Preface to the Collection Contemporary China], Guangming ribao [Brilliance Daily], 14 June 1984, 3.Google Scholar

7 Zhongguo lishi nianjian, 1982 [Yearbook of Chinese History, 1982] (Beijing: Renmin chubanshe, 1982), 529–30.Google Scholar

8 For an excellent guide to the older style of gazetteers see Taifen, Li, Fangzhixue [The Study of Gazetteers] (Shanghai: Shangwu yinshuguan, 1935, reprinted Taipei, 1961).Google Scholar

9 Hong, Xie, Zhongguo fangshi xue kailun [A Survey of Study of Chinese Gazetteers] (Harbin: Heilongjiang Renmin chubanshe, 1984)Google Scholar and Wei, Huang, Fangzhi lunji [Collected Essays on Local Gazetteers] (Ningbo: Zhejiang Renmin chubanshe, 1983).Google Scholar

10 China Daily, 25 September 1986, 3.Google Scholar

11 Alitto, Guy, ‘Doing social science research in Zouping County’, an unpublished report to the Committee on Scholarly Communication with the People's Republic of China, National Science Foundation (US), September 1986.Google Scholar

12 Tianjin: Renmin chubanshe, 1982.

13 Beijingshi lishi xuehui diyi dierjienianhui lunwen xuanji [Selected Papers from the First and Second Conference of the Beijing Historical Society] (Beijing: Beijing chubanshe, 1964).Google Scholar

14 For the plans concerning the social sciences in the last Plan see The Sixth Five-Year Plan of the People's Republic of China for Economic and Social Development (1982–1985) (Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1984), ch. 26.Google Scholar

15 ‘Tasks set for social science research’, China Daily, 30 October 1986, 1;Google Scholar and ‘State funds to reinforce research’, China Daily, 1 November 1986, 1.Google Scholar

16 Rawski, Thomas, China's Transition to Industrialism: Producer Goods and Economic Development in the Twentieth Century (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 1980).Google Scholar

17 For sketches of each of these SEZs see China City Planning Review 2.1, June 1986, 53–78.Google Scholar

18 This account of the SEZs draws heavily on Suzanne Pepper, ‘China's Special Economic Zones: the current rescue bid for a faltering experiment’, USFI Reports 1986/No. 14 Asia [SP-2–′86].

19 Ibid., 11.

20 ‘Yenhai chengshi de fazhan fangxiang’ [The Direction for Development of Coastal Cities], Renmin ribao [People's Daily, oversea edn), 15 October 1986, 4.Google Scholar

21 Shiyue, Li, ‘Zhongguo jindaishi zhuyaio xiansuo jiqui biaozhi zhi wojian’ [‘My views on the mainstream of modern Chinese history and its characteristics’], Lishi yanjiu [Historical Studies], II (1984);Google Scholar and Haipeng, Zhang, ‘Zhongguo jindaishi de ‘liangge guocheng’ ji youguan wenti’ [‘The “two courses” in modern Chinese history and related questions‘], Lishi yanjiu, IV (1984).Google Scholar See also Buck, David D., ‘Appraising the revival of historical studies in China’, China Quarterly, CV (March 1986), 131–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

22 Zhongguo lishixue nianjian, 1983 [The Yearbook of Chinese History, 1983] (Beijing: Renmin chubanshe, 1983), 305.Google Scholar

23 Letter of Lei Yi to the author, 13 December 1986.

24 No attempt has been made to discuss Chinese work on urban history prior to the seventh century A.D. In recent years considerable research has been done on city form, social structure and political institutions in Chinese cities during the period from 1800 to 770, but this article was written with the concerns of historians working in the modern era in mind. For a sample of work on ancient Chinese cities see Buck, David D. (ed.), ‘Archaeological explorations of the ancient capital of Lu at Qufu in Shandong’, Chinese Sociology and Anthropology, XIX, 1 (Fall 1986).Google Scholar

25 Muzi, , ‘Guanyu Zhongguo jindaishi jiben xiansuo wenti de taolun’ [Discussion of the basic themes in Chinese history], Renmin ribao [People's Daily, overseas edn] 29 March 1985, 3.Google Scholar

26 Jin, Jiang, ‘Lishi yanjiu de feixianxinghua ji qi fangfalun wenti’ [‘The non-linearization of historical research and related methodological questions’], Lishi yanjiu [Historical Studies], I (1986).Google Scholar

27 Shu, Li, ‘Renmin qunzhong shi lishi de chuangzao?’ [‘Are the masses the creators of history?’], Lishi yanjiu [Historical Studies], V (1984).Google Scholar For some of the controversy see Guo Ruixiang's reply and Li Shu's rejoinder in Lishiyanjiu III (1986);Google Scholar Masin's, Zhu essay in Guangming ribao [Brillance Daily], 10 September 1986, 5Google Scholar, and Jijian, Tian, ‘Shixue yanjiu yingxiang “diertiao daolu” wanjin’ [‘Historical research should progress towards a second road’], Wenshizhe [Literature, History and Philosophy], II (1986).Google Scholar

28 Lishiyanjiu [Historical Studies], I (1986), 1.Google Scholar

29 ‘Architect's life: a story of success and final tragedy’, China Daily, 25 November 1986, 5;Google Scholar ‘Liang Sicheng: striving to preserve Old Beijing’, China Daily, 27 November 1986, 5.Google Scholar

30 Lishi dilixue de lilun yu shijian [The Theory and Practice of Historical Geography] (Shanghai: Renmin chubanshe, 1979).Google Scholar

31 Huantian, Qiao, ‘Ping Zhongguo jindaishi xinbian zhongce’ [Review of vol. 2, A New Edition of Chinese Modern History], Renmin ribao, [People's Daily, overseas edn], 7 December 1986, 2.Google Scholar