Hostname: page-component-5d84bcc8dc-zczlx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-09-09T09:12:00.432Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Autecology and Population Biology of Dyers Woad (Isatis tinctoria)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Kassim O. Farah ,
Ann F. Tanaka  and
Neil E. West
Kassim O. Farah
Affiliation:
Utah State Univ., Logan, UT 84322-5230
Ann F. Tanaka
Affiliation:
Utah State Univ., Logan, UT 84322-5230
Neil E. West
Affiliation:
Utah State Univ., Logan, UT 84322-5230
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Dyers woad (Isatis tinctoria L. # ISATI) has greatly expanded on rangelands in the Intermountain region. Herbicidal and tillage controls are not feasible on rangelands. Better knowledge of the biology of this species could help in the development of biological controls. We examined characteristics that could assist in this effort. Seed viability remained high and relatively stable, but germination decreased over a 10-month period. The seed dispersal pattern of dyers woad was best described by a negative exponential model (log10 y = 1.92-0.02x; r2=0.60), where y equals seeds/m2 and x = distance from mother plant (cm). The root system of dyers woad is dominated by a taproot with some laterals in the upper 30 cm of the soil profile. Survivorship of experimentally established populations monitored over 2 yr showed constriction at two stages: 1) germination and establishment, and 2) young rosette. The latter stage should be targeted for biological control.

Keywords

Phenologyseed viabilityseed dispersalISATI

Information

Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 36 , Issue 2 , March 1988 , pp. 186 - 193
Copyright
Copyright © 1988 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Literature Cited

1. Assoc. of Official Seed Analysts. 1970. Rules for testing seeds. Proc. Assoc. Official Seed Analysts 60(2). 116 pp.Google Scholar
2. Baker, H. G. 1974. The evolution of weeds. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 5:1–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3. Bohm, W. 1976. In situ estimation of root length in natural soil profiles. J. Agric. Sci. 87:365–368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4. Bohm, W. 1979. Methods of studying root systems. Springer-Verlag, New York. 188 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Bonner, R. T. 1974. Seed testing. Page 136–152 in Seeds of Woody Plants in the U.S. U.S. Dep. Agric. Handb. 450.Google Scholar
6. Callihan, R. H., Dewey, S. A., Patton, J. E., and Thill, D. C. 1984. Distribution, biology and habitat of dyers woad (Isatis tinctoria L.) in Idaho. J. Idaho Acad. Sci. 20:18–32.Google Scholar
7. Cohen, D. 1966. Optimizing reproduction in randomly varying environment. J. Theor. Biol. 12:119–129.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8. Cohen, J. 1967. Optimizing reproduction in a randomly varying environment when a correlation may exist between the conditions at the time of choice has to be made and the subsequent optimum. J. Theor. Biol. 16:1–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9. Cook, R. E. 1980. Germination and size dependent mortality in Viola blanda . Oecologia. 47:115–117.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10. Gross, K. L. 1981. Prediction of the fate from rosette size in four ‘biennial’ plant species: Verbascum thapsus, Oenothera biennis, Daucus carota and Tragapogon dubius . Oecologia 48: 209–213.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11. Harper, J. L. 1977. Population biology of plants. Academic Press, New York. 892 pp.Google Scholar
12. Holt, B. R. 1972. Effect of arrival time on recruitment, mortality, and reproduction in successional plant populations. Ecology 53:668–673.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13. King, L. J. 1966. Weeds of the World: Biology and Control. Interscience Publ., New York. 526 pp.Google Scholar
14. Lacey, E. P. 1986. Onset of reproduction in plants: Size-versus age-dependency. Trends Ecol. Evol. 1:72–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15. Meijden van der, E. and van der Waals-koor, R. E. 1979. The population ecology of Senecio jacobaea in a sand dune system. I. Reproductive strategy and the biennial habit. J. Ecol. 67 131–153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16. Moore, R. P. 1973. Tetrazolium staining for assessing seed quality. Pages 347–366 in Heydecker, W., ed. Seed Ecology. Pennsylvania Univ. Press, Univ. Park.Google Scholar
17. Sarukhan, J. 1974. Demographic studies on grassland weed species. Pages 28–41 in Jones, P. D. and Solomon, M. E., eds. Biology in Pest and Disease Control. Blackwell, Oxford.Google Scholar
18. Silvertown, J. W. 1982. Introduction to plant population ecology. Longman, London. 209 pp.Google Scholar
19. Sturges, D. L. 1977. Soil water withdrawal and root characteristics of big sagebrush. Am. Midi. Nat. 98:257–274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20. Thorgeirsson, H. and Richards, J. H. 1983. Root elongation rate and water extraction by two aridland bunchgrasses, Agropyron spicatum and A. desertorum . Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 64:159.Google Scholar
21. Varga, W. A. and Evans, J. O. 1978. Dyers woad: From cultivated to cursed. Utah Sci. 39:87–89.Google Scholar
22. Werner, P. A. 1975. A seed trap for determining patterns of seed deposition in terrestrial plants. Can. J. Bot. 53:810–813.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23. Werner, P. A. 1975. Predictions of fate from rosette size in teasel (Dipsacus fullonum). Oecologia 20:197–201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24. Werner, P. A. and Caswell, H. 1977. Population growth rates and age versus stage-distribution models for teasel (Dipsacus sylvestris Huds.) Ecology 58:1103–1111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25. West, N. E. 1983. Western intermountain sagebrush steppe. Pages 351–374 in West, N.E., ed. Temperate Deserts and Semi-Deserts. Elsevier Sci. Publ., Amsterdam.Google Scholar
26. Young, J. A. and Evans, R. A. 1971. Germination of dyers woad. Weed Sci. 19:76–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar