Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-m9kch Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-15T21:46:25.228Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Analysis of Nonstructural Carbohydrates in Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and Robust Foxtail (Setaria viridis var. robusta) Throughout the Growing Season

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

P. L. Orwick  and
M. M. Schreiber
P. L. Orwick
Affiliation:
Agric. Res., Sci. Ed. Admin., U.S. Dep. Agric., Dep. Bot. and Plant Pathol., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47906
M. M. Schreiber
Affiliation:
Agric. Res., Sci. Ed. Admin., U.S. Dep. Agric., Dep. Bot. and Plant Pathol., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47906
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and robust foxtail [Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. var. robusta-alba Schreiber or Setaria viridis var. robusta-purpurea Schreiber] were investigated to measure the accumulation of nonstructural carbohydrates throughout two separate growing seasons. Pigweed tended to accumulate more total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) than foxtail, particularly in the roots. In both weeds, peak levels of TNC in leaves, stems, and roots occurred during early flowering. The primary nonstructural carbohydrate in the leaves of both weeds was starch. Reducing sugars were the predominant nonstructural carbohydrate in the stems. Starch accumulated more in the leaves of the upper third of the plant and reducing sugars occurred in the greatest quantity in the middle strata of the stem. Accumulation levels of TNC in the plant organs suggested that the stem was a major sink during the vegetative growth phases of both pigweed and foxtail.

Keywords

Starchreducing sugarssource-sink relationships
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 27 , Issue 4 , July 1979 , pp. 374 - 379
Copyright
Copyright © 1979 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Ashwell, G. 1957. Colorimetric analysis of sugars. Page 73 in Colwick, S. P. and Kaplan, N. O., eds. Methods in Enzymology. Vol. III. Academic Press, Inc., New York.Google Scholar
2. Barr, C. G. 1940. Organic reserves in the roots of bindweed. J. Agric. Res. 60:391–413.Google Scholar
3. Barr, C. G. 1942. Reserve foods in the roots of whiteweed (Cardaria draba var. repens). J. Agric. Res. 64:725–740.Google Scholar
4. De Cugnac, A. 1931. Recherces sur les glucides des Graminees. Ann. Sci. Naturelles 13:1–129.Google Scholar
5. Hodge, J. E. and Hofreiter, B. T. 1962. Determination of reducing sugars and carbohydrates. Pages 388–389 in Whistler, R. L. and Wolfrom, M. L., eds. Methods in Carbohydrate Chemistry. Vol. I. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
6. Holt, D. A. and Hilst, A. R. 1969. Daily variation in carbohydrate content of selected forage crops. Agron. J. 61:239–242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7. Knapp, W. R., Holt, D. A., Lechtenberg, V. L., and Vaughn, L. R. 1973. Diurnal variation in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) dry matter yield and overnight losses in harvested alfalfa forage. Agron. J. 65:413–417.Google Scholar
8. Lechtenberg, V. L., Holt, D. A., and Youngberg, H. W. 1971. Diurnal variation in nonstructural carbohydrates, in vitro digestibility, and leaf to stem ratio of alfalfa. Agron. J. 63:719–724.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9. Lechtenberg, V. L., Holt, D. A., and Youngberg, H. W. 1972. Diurnal variation in nonstructural carbohydrates of Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.) with and without N fertilizer. Agron. J. 64:302–305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10. Lechtenberg, V. L., Holt, D. A., and Youngberg, H. W. 1973. Diurnal variation in nonstructural carbohydrates of Sorghum sudanense (Stapf) as influenced by environment. Agron. J. 65:579–583.Google Scholar
11. Loomis, W. E. 1945. Translocation of carbohydrates in maize. Science 101:398–400.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12. McIlroy, R. J. 1967. Carbohydrates of grassland herbage. Herb. Abstr. 37(2):79–87.Google Scholar
13. McWhorter, C. G. 1961. Carbohydrate metabolism of johnsongrass as influenced by seasonal growth and herbicide treatments. Weeds 9:563–568.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14. McWhorter, C. G. 1974. Water-soluble carbohydrates in johnsongrass. Weed Sci. 22:159–163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15. Nelson, N. 1944. A photometric adaption of the somogyi method for the determination of glucose. J. Biol. Chem. 153:375–380.Google Scholar
16. Rominger, J. M. 1962. Taxonomy of Setaria (Gramineae) in North America. Illinois Biol. Monographs No. 29. 132 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17. Schreiber, M. M., Bula, R. J., Bergeson, G. H., and Jantz, O. K. 1969. Weed and nematode control in experimental field plots by soil fumigation. Down Earth 24(4):30–31.Google Scholar
18. Schreiber, M. M. and Oliver, L. R. 1971. Two new varieties of Setaria viridis . Weed Sci. 19:424–427.Google Scholar
19. Smith, D. 1969. Removing and analyzing total nonstructural carbohydrates from plant tissue. Univ. Wisconsin Res. Rep. No. 41. 11 pp.Google Scholar
20. Smith, D. 1972. Total nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations in the herbage of several legumes and grasses at first flower. Agron. J. 64:705–706.Google Scholar
21. Smith, D. and Grotelueschen, R. D. 1966. Carbohydrates in grasses. I. Sugar and fructosan composition of the stem bases of several northern-adapted grasses at seed maturity. Crop Sci. 6:263–266.Google Scholar
22. Weinmann, H. 1948. Underground development and reserves of grasses—a review. J. Brit. Grassl. Soc. 3:115–140.Google Scholar
23. Weinmann, H. and Reinhold, L. 1946. Reserve carbohydrates in South African grasses. J. South Afr. Bot. 12:57–73.Google Scholar