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Effects of Starch Encapsulation on Clomazone and Atrazine Movement in Soil and Clomazone Volatilization

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Todd L. Mervosh ,
Edward W. Stoller ,
F. William Simmons ,
Timothy R. Ellsworth  and
Gerald K. Sims
Todd L. Mervosh*
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron., Univ. Ill., 1102 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801
Edward W. Stoller
Affiliation:
U.S. Dep. Agric, Agri. Res. Serv., Crop Prot. Res., 1102 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801
F. William Simmons
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron., 1102 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801
Timothy R. Ellsworth
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron., 1102 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801
Gerald K. Sims
Affiliation:
U.S. Dep. Agric, Agri. Res. Serv., 1102 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801
*
2Corresponding author, current address, Connecticut Agric. Exp. Stn., Valley Lab., Box 248, Windsor, CT 06095.
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Abstract

The effects of formulation on clomazone volatilization and transport through soil were studied. After 22 days of leaching under unsaturated flow in 49-cm long intact soil cores, greater clomazone movement was observed in Plainfield sand than in Cisne silt loam or Drummer silty clay loam soils. Soil clomazone concentrations resulting in injury to oats occurred throughout Plainfield soil cores but were restricted to the upper 14 cm of Cisne and Drummer soils. In addition, clomazone was detected in the leachate from Plainfield soil only. In a similar study with Plainfield sand cores, clomazone was less mobile than atrazine; encapsulation of the herbicides in starch granules did not affect clomazone movement but greatly decreased atrazine movement from the soil surface. Similarly, starch encapsulation did not affect bioavailability of clomazone but did reduce bioavailability of atrazine. In a laboratory study with continual air flow, volatilization of clomazone applied to the soil surface was reduced by encapsulation in starch and starch/clay granules. Clomazone volatilization was not affected by soil water content within a range of 33 to 1500 kPa water tension. Following soil saturation with water, clomazone volatilization from both liquid and granular formulations increased. Granule size appeared to have a greater impact than granule composition on clomazone volatilization.

Keywords

Clomazone, 2-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]-4,4-dimethyl-3-isoxazolidinoneatrazine, 6-chloro-N-ethyl-N′-[1-methylethyl]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamineoat, Avena sativa L. ‘Noble.’Herbicidetransportcontrolled release formulations
Type
Soil, Air, and Water
Information
Weed Science , Volume 43 , Issue 3 , September 1995 , pp. 445 - 453
Copyright
Copyright © 1995 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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