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Environmental Effects on the Relative Competitive Ability of Canola and Small-Grain Cereals in a Direct-Seeded System

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

K. Neil Harker ,
John T. O'Donovan ,
Robert E. Blackshaw ,
Eric N. Johnson ,
Frederick A. Holm  and
George W. Clayton
K. Neil Harker*
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1 Canada
John T. O'Donovan
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1 Canada
Robert E. Blackshaw
Affiliation:
Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
Eric N. Johnson
Affiliation:
Scott Experimental Farm, Scott, SK S0K 4A0, Canada
Frederick A. Holm
Affiliation:
University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
George W. Clayton
Affiliation:
Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: neil.harker@agr.gc.ca
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Abstract

Growing crops that exhibit a high level of competition with weeds increases opportunities to practice integrated weed management and reduce herbicide inputs. The recent development and market dominance of hybrid canola cultivars provides an opportunity to reassess the relative competitive ability of canola cultivars with small-grain cereals. Direct-seeded (no-till) experiments were conducted at five western Canada locations from 2006 to 2008 to compare the competitive ability of canola cultivars vs. small-grain cereals. The relative competitive ability of the species and cultivars was determined by assessing monocot and dicot weed biomass at different times throughout the growing season as well as oat (simulated weed) seed production. Under most conditions, but especially under warm and relatively dry environments, barley cultivars had the greatest relative competitive ability. Rye and triticale were also highly competitive species under most environmental conditions. Canada Prairie Spring Red wheat and Canada Western Red Spring wheat cultivars usually were the least competitive cereal crops, but there were exceptions in some environments. Canola hybrids were more competitive than open-pollinated canola cultivars. More importantly, under cool, low growing degree day conditions, canola hybrids were as competitive as barley, especially with dicot weeds. Under most conditions, hybrid canola growers on the Canadian Prairies are well advised to avoid the additional selection pressure inherent with a second in-crop herbicide application. Combining competitive cultivars of any species with optimal agronomic practices that facilitate crop health will enhance cropping system sustainability and allow growers to extend the life of their valuable herbicide tools.

Keywords

Barley, Hordeum vulgare Lcanola, Brassica napus L. or Brassica rapa Loat, Avena sativa Lrye, Secale cereale Ltriticale, ×Triticosecale Wwheat, Triticum aestivum Lalternative weed managementcombined agronomic practicescultural weed controlherbicidesintegrated weed managementno-tillorganic weed controlweed resistanceweed suppression
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 59 , Issue 3 , September 2011 , pp. 404 - 415
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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