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Evapotranspiration of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in maize, soybean, and fallow under subsurface drip and center-pivot irrigation systems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 November 2023

Jasmine Mausbach Open the ORCID record for Jasmine Mausbach [Opens in a new window] ,
Suat Irmak Open the ORCID record for Suat Irmak [Opens in a new window] ,
Meetpal S. Kukal Open the ORCID record for Meetpal S. Kukal [Opens in a new window] ,
Kelsey Karnik ,
Debalin Sarangi  and
Amit J. Jhala Open the ORCID record for Amit J. Jhala [Opens in a new window]
Jasmine Mausbach
Affiliation:
Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
Suat Irmak*
Affiliation:
Professor and Department Head, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
Meetpal S. Kukal
Affiliation:
Assistant Research Professor, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
Kelsey Karnik
Affiliation:
Biomedical Data Scientist, Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
Debalin Sarangi
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
Amit J. Jhala
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
*
Corresponding author: Suat Irmak; Email: sfi5068@psu.edu
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Abstract

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Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) is a major biotic constraint in agronomic cropping systems in the United States. While crop–weed competition models offer a beneficial tool for understanding and predicting crop yield losses, within these models, certain weed biological characteristics and their responses to the environment are unknown. This limits understanding of weed growth in competition with crops under different irrigation methods and how competition for soil moisture affects crop growth parameters. This research measured the effect of center-pivot irrigation (CPI) and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) on the actual evapotranspiration (ETa) of A. palmeri grown in maize (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and fallow subplots. Twelve A. palmeri plants were alternately transplanted 1 m apart in the middle two rows of maize, soybean, and fallow subplots under CPI and SDI in 2019 and 2020 in south-central Nebraska. Maize, soybean, and fallow subplots without A. palmeri were included for comparison. Soil-moisture sensors were installed at 0-0.30, 0.30-0.60, and 0.60-0.90-m soil depths next to or between three A. palmeri and crop plants in each subplot. Soil-moisture data were recorded hourly from the time of A. palmeri transplanting to crop harvest. The results indicate differences in A. palmeri ETa between time of season (early, mid-, and late season) and crop type across 2019 and 2020. Although irrigation type did not affect subplot data, the presence of A. palmeri had an impact on subplot ETa across both years, which can be attributed to the variable relationship between volumetric soil water content (VWC) and ETa throughout the growing season due to advancing phenological stages and management practices. This study provides important and first-established baseline data and information about A. palmeri evapotranspiration and its relation to morphological features for future use in mechanistic crop–weed competition models.

Keywords

Growth indexplant biomasssoil matric potentialtotal leaf areatotal soil watervolumetric soil water contentwater use

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 72 , Issue 1 , January 2024 , pp. 86 - 95
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Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Weed Science Society of America

Footnotes

Associate Editor: Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan, Texas A & M University

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