Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-42gr6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T20:24:51.446Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Field-based evaluation of a novel approach for infecting Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Ryan P. Tichich  and
Jerry D. Doll
Jerry D. Doll
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Canada thistle is resilient to many control tactics, especially in undisturbed sites. Such sites are suitable for slow acting biological control agents, such as the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis (PST), because complete control is usually not required in the short term. A new method of introducing or intensifying PST infection of Canada thistle was investigated. Sap of naturally infected Canada thistle was extracted and applied in water plus Silwet L-77 organosilicone surfactant with a backpack sprayer to healthy Canada thistle plants in the field. Application variables of time of the season, spray volume, concentration, and frequency were studied. When practical field rates were applied, infected sap concentration and spray volume did not affect the level of disease observed. This suggests that PST applications could be practical at the field scale because a single application caused apical chlorosis. However, multiple applications proved beneficial because four consecutive weekly applications caused greater disease incidence (50%) than one or two applications (28% and 30%, respectively). Disease symptomology was greatest when PST was applied in mid-July rather than mid-June or mid-August. However, the levels of disease expression were not adequate to effectively suppress Canada thistle. Increased toxin production, either by finding ways to support higher PST populations or by selecting strains that produce more toxin per bacterial cell, would improve this system.

Keywords

Canada thistle, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., CIRARPSTIPMbiocontrolbioherbicideorganosilicone surfactanttagetitoxin
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 54 , Issue 1 , February 2006 , pp. 166 - 171
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Abbas, H. K., Johnson, B. J., Boyette, C. D., Molin, W. T., and Johnson, D. R. 1999. Effect of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis on weeds. Proc. S. Weed Sci. Soc 52:236.Google Scholar
Bakker, D. 1960. A comparative life-history study of Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. and Tussilago farfara L., the most troublesome weeds in the newly claimed polders of the former Zuiderzee. Pages 205–222 in Harper, J. L. ed. The Biology of Weeds. Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Blakeman, J. P. 1985. Ecological succession of leaf surface microorganisms in relation to biological control. Pages 6–31 in Windels, C. and Lindow, S. E. eds. Biological Control on the Phylloplane. St. Paul, MN: American Phytopathological Society.Google Scholar
Detmers, F. 1927. Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense Tourn.), Field Thistle, Creeping Thistle. Ames, OH: Ohio Agriculture Experiment Station Bulletin 414. 45 p.Google Scholar
Doll, J. D. 1994. 1994 Perennial Weed Survey for Wisconsin. Proc. North Cen. Weed Sci. Soc 49:82–83.Google Scholar
Gronwald, J. W., Plaisance, K. L., Ide, D. A., and Wyse, D. L. 2002. Assessment of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis as a biocontrol agent for Canada thistle. Weed Sci 50:397–404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gulya, T. J., Urs, R., and Banttari, E. E. 1982. Apical chlorosis of sunflower caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis . Plant Dis 66:598–600.Google Scholar
Hellmers, E. 1955. Bacterial leaf spot of African marigold (Tagetis erecta) caused by Pseudomonas tagetis sp. n. Acta Agric. Scand 5:185–200.Google Scholar
Hirano, S. S., Baker, L. S., and Upper, C. D. 1996. Raindrop momentum triggers growth of leaf-associated populations of Pseudomonas syringae on field grown snap bean plants. Appl. Environ. Microbiol 62:2560–2566.Google Scholar
Hoeft, E. V., Jordan, N., Zhang, J., and Wyse, D. L. 2001. Integrated cultural and biological control of Canada thistle in conservation tillage soybean. Weed Sci 49:642–646.Google Scholar
Holm, L. G., Plucknett, D. L., Pancho, J. V., and Herberger, J. P. 1977. The World's Worst Weeds. Distribution and Biology. Honolulu, HI: University Press of Hawaii. Pp. 217–224.Google Scholar
Johnson, D. R. and Wyse, D. L. 1991. Use of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis for control of Canada thistle. Proc. N. Cent. Weed Sci. Soc 46:14–15.Google Scholar
Johnson, D. R., Wyse, D. L., and Jones, K. J. 1996. Controlling weeds with phytopathogenic bacteria. Weed Technol 10:621–624.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindow, S. E. 1991. Determinants of epiphytic fitness in bacteria. Pages 295–314 in Andrews, J. H. and Hirano, S. S. eds. Microbial Ecology of Leaves. New York: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Lindow, S. E. 1995. Control of epiphytic ice nucleation–active bacteria for management of plant frost injury. Pages 239–256 in Lee, R. E. Jr., Warren, G. J., and Gusta, L. V. eds. Biological Ice Nucleation and Its Applications. St. Paul, MN: American Phytopathological Society.Google Scholar
Mathews, D. E. and Durbin, R. D. 1990. Tagetitoxin inhibits RNA synthesis directed by RNA polymerases from chloroplasts and Escherichia coli . J. Biol. Chem 265:493–498.Google Scholar
Moore, R. J. 1975. The biology of Canadian weeds, 13: Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Can. J. Plant Sci 55:1033–1048.Google Scholar
Rhodehamel, N. H. and Durbin, R. D. 1985. Host range of strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis . Plant Dis 69:589–591.Google Scholar
Rhodehamel, N. H. and Durbin, R. D. 1989. Toxin production by strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis . Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol 35:301–311.Google Scholar
Shane, W. W. and Baumer, J. S. 1984. Apical chlorosis and leaf spot on Jerusalem artichoke as incited by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis . Plant Dis 68:257–260.Google Scholar
Sheikh, T., Wheeler, T. A., Dotray, P. A., and Zak, J. C. 2001. Biological control of woollyleaf bursage (Ambrosia grayi) with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis . Weed Technol 15:375–381.Google Scholar
Steinberg, T. H., Mathews, D. E., Durbin, R. D., and Burgess, R. R. 1990. Tagetitoxin: a new inhibitor of eukaryotic transcription of RNA polymerase III. J. Biol. Chem 265:499–505.Google Scholar
Styer, D. J. 1982a. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis: Hosts, Symptomology and Toxin Production. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI. 157 p.Google Scholar
Styer, D. J. 1982b. Isolation of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis from sunflower in Wisconsin. Plant Dis 66:601.Google Scholar
Styer, D. J. and Durbin, R. D. 1982. Common ragweed: a new host of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis . Plant Dis 66:71.Google Scholar
[USDA] U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2004. State Noxious Weed Reports. plants.usda.gov/cgi_bin/topics.cgi?earl=noxious.cgi.Google Scholar
Tichich, R. P. and Doll, J. D. 2001. Herbicide options for Canada thistle control in pasture. Proc. N. Cent. Weed Sci. Soc. 56 Abstract 163.Google Scholar