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Fire Alters Emergence of Invasive Plant Species from Soil Surface-Deposited Seeds

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Lance T. Vermeire  and
Matthew J. Rinella
Lance T. Vermeire*
Affiliation:
Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 243 Fort Keogh Road, Miles City, MT 59301
Matthew J. Rinella
Affiliation:
Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 243 Fort Keogh Road, Miles City, MT 59301
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: Lance.Vermeire@ars.usda.gov
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Abstract

Restoration of historic fire regimes is complicated by concerns about exotic plant invasions, yet little is known of how the two may interact. Seeds of Japanese brome, spotted knapweed, Russian knapweed, and leafy spurge were subjected to fire at six fuel loads (100 to 700 g m−2) and a nonburned control. Fires were simulated with field-cured grass and time–temperature profiles were developed from thermocouples at the soil surface. Emergence was determined by species and fuel load in growth chambers. Fuel load explained 98% of variation in mean heat dosage and emergence decreased with increasing fuel load across species. Emergence was reduced 79 to 88% relative to nonburned treatment with 100 g m−2 of fuel and at least 97% with 200 g m−2 of fuel. Emergence probabilities were less than 0.01 for all species but spotted knapweed with a 300 g m−2 fuel load. Results indicate high potential for fire to disrupt the life cycle of invasive species through direct seed mortality. The relationship between fuel load and seedling emergence provides good predictability of fire effects on surface-deposited seeds. A single fire is unlikely to eradicate many invasive species because they often produce abundant seeds and some will undoubtedly escape fire. However, abrupt reductions in seedling emergence with relatively light fuel loads indicate that fire may be an effective tool for increasing mortality of invasive plant seed across a broad range of habitats.

Keywords

Japanese brome, Bromus japonicus Thunb. ex Murr.spotted knapweed, Centaurea maculosa Lam.Russian knapweed, Acroptilon repens (L.) DCleafy spurge, Euphorbia esula L.Germinationgrasslandinvasionprescribed burningseed mortality
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 57 , Issue 3 , June 2009 , pp. 304 - 310
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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