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First report of a wide distribution of glyphosate-resistant compact brome (Bromus madritensis) in the Iberian Peninsula: confirmation and field management

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 February 2023

José G. Vázquez-García Open the ORCID record for José G. Vázquez-García [Opens in a new window] ,
Patricia Castro Open the ORCID record for Patricia Castro [Opens in a new window] ,
Aritz Royo-Esnal Open the ORCID record for Aritz Royo-Esnal [Opens in a new window] ,
Candelario Palma-Bautista Open the ORCID record for Candelario Palma-Bautista [Opens in a new window] ,
Joel Torra Open the ORCID record for Joel Torra [Opens in a new window]  and
Rafael De Prado Open the ORCID record for Rafael De Prado [Opens in a new window]
José G. Vázquez-García
Affiliation:
Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, UCO-CeiA3, Cordoba, Spain
Patricia Castro
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Department of Genetics, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
Aritz Royo-Esnal
Affiliation:
Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Forestry and Agricultural Science and Engineering, Agrotecnio-CERCA Center, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
Candelario Palma-Bautista
Affiliation:
Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, UCO-CeiA3, Cordoba, Spain
Joel Torra*
Affiliation:
Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Forestry and Agricultural Science and Engineering, Agrotecnio-CERCA Center, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
Rafael De Prado
Affiliation:
Professor Emeritus, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, UCO-CeiA3, Cordoba, Spain
*
Author for correspondence: Joel Torra, Department of Hortofructiculture, Botany and Gardening, Agrotecnio-CERCA Center, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain. (Email: joel.torra@udl.cat)
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Abstract

Glyphosate resistance is spreading in Spain and Portugal due to excessive herbicide use, in both annual and perennial crops. Compact brome (Bromus madritensis L.) is increasing in frequency in these different cropping systems when under conservation agriculture, particularly when glyphosate fails to control it. Fourteen populations from different areas in the Iberian Peninsula were confirmed as being B. madritensis using simple sequence repeat markers and clearly separated from the closely related species red brome (Bromus rubens L.) and ripgut brome (Bromus diandrus Roth). Six B. madritensis populations were classified as resistant, according to both their shikimic acid accumulation levels and their resistance factors based on LD50 or GR50 (values between 4 and 8). Populations with higher resistance factors also showed lower shikimic acid concentrations. Moreover, these resistant populations were able to survive the minimum registered dose for glyphosate in Spain in perennial crops (1,080 g ae ha−1, five populations) or in arable crops before seeding for annual weeds (540 g ae ha−1, one population), under both greenhouse and field conditions. The trials carried out in a glyphosate-resistant field during 2 consecutive years showed that acceptable control (≥90%) was only consistently achieved 90 d after application for preemergence treatment with flazasulfuron in a tank mix with glyphosate, while control with postemergence treatments, such as propaquizafop plus glyphosate, was below 80%. This research describes the first herbicide-resistance report for the weed species B. madritensis, confirming the presence of glyphosate-resistant populations mainly in perennial cropping systems but also in winter cereals from Spain. Due to the limited chemical tools to manage these populations, there is an urgent need for farmers to implement integrated weed management strategies.

Keywords

Bromus sppconservation tillageglyphosate resistanceintegrated weed managementsimple sequence repeat (SSR) markers
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 71 , Issue 2 , March 2023 , pp. 95 - 103
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Weed Science Society of America

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: William Vencill, University of Georgia

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