Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-mp689 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T20:03:19.869Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Inhibition of Legume Seedling Growth by Residues and Extracts of Quackgrass (Agropyron repens)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Leslie A. Weston  and
Alan R. Putnam
Leslie A. Weston
Affiliation:
Dep. Hort., Pestic. Res. Ctr., Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI 48824
Alan R. Putnam
Affiliation:
Dep. Hort., Pestic. Res. Ctr., Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI 48824
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Aqueous extracts of quackgrass [Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. # AGRRE] shoots and rhizomes inhibited seed germination and root growth of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. ‘Vernal’), soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Corsoy 79’], navybean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. ‘Seafarer’), and curly cress (Lepidium sativum L.) at concentrations of less than 2.5 mg dried extract/ml. Extracts of quackgrass shoots were generally more inhibitory than extracts of rhizomes. Root and shoot dry weights of snapbeans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. ‘Bush Blue Lake’) grown under sterile conditions were reduced by aqueous extracts of shoots. Root systems were stunted and necrotic and lacked root hairs. The growth of Rhizobium species was not influenced by the presence of 40 or 80 mg/ml concentrations of extracts of shoots or rhizomes. Quackgrass may inhibit indirectly the legume-Rhizobium symbiosis by inhibiting root hair formation rather than directly inhibiting Rhizobium growth. The presence of soil microorganisms was not necessary for the development of quackgrass toxicity in soil or agar. Soil microorganisms reduced toxicity of quackgrass residues in soil.

Keywords

Allelopathynitrogen fixationRhizobiumAGRRE
Type
Physiology, Chemistry, and Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 34 , Issue 3 , May 1986 , pp. 366 - 372
Copyright
Copyright © 1986 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Dart, P. J. 1974. The infection process. Pages 382–429 in Quispel, A., ed. The Biology of Nitrogen Fixation. North Holland Press, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
2. Dazzo, F. B. 1982. Leguminous root nodules. Pages 431–446 in Burns, R. G. and Slater, J. L., eds. Experimental Microbial Ecology. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, U.K. Google Scholar
3. Gabor, W. E. and Veatch, C. 1981. Isolation of a phytotoxin from quackgrass (Agropyron repens) rhizomes. Weed Sci. 29: 155–159.Google Scholar
4. Holm, L. G., Plucknett, D. L., Pancho, J. V., and Herberger, J. P. 1977. Pages 153–168 in The World's Worst Weeds, Distribution and Biology. Univ. Press of Hawaii.Google Scholar
5. Hooper, G. R., Baker, K. K., and Flegler, S. L. 1979. Pages 1–144 in Exercises in Electron Microscopy: A Laboratory Manual for Biological and Medical Sciences. MSU Univ. Press, MI. 144 pp.Google Scholar
6. Kommedahl, T., Old, K. M., Ohman, J. H., and Ryan, E. W. 1970. Quackgrass and nitrogen effects on succeeding crops in the field. Weed Sci. 18:29–32.Google Scholar
7. LeFevre, C. W. and Clagett, C. O. 1960. Concentration of a growth inhibitor from Agropyron repens (Quackgrass). Proc. North Cent. Weed Control Conf. 14:353–356.Google Scholar
8. Lynch, J. M. and Penn, D. J. 1980. Damage to cereals caused by decaying weed residues. J. Sci. Food Agric. 31: 321–324.Google Scholar
9. Ohman, J. H. and Kommedahl, T. 1964. Plant extracts, residues, and soil minerals in relation to competition of quackgrass with oats and alfalfa. Weeds. 12:222–231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10. Osvald, H. 1948. Toxic exudates from the roots of Agropyron repens . J. Ecol. 38:192–193.Google Scholar
11. Parker, C. 1966. The importance of shoot entry in the action of herbicides applied to soil. Weeds 14:117–121.Google Scholar
12. Patrick, Z. A., Toussoun, T. A., and Snyder, W. C. 1963. Phytotoxic substances in arable soils, associated with decomposition of plant residues. Phytopathology 53:152–161.Google Scholar
13. Penn, D. J. and Lynch, J. M. 1981. Effect of decaying couchgrass rhizomes on the growth of barley. J. Appl. Ecol. 18:669–674.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14. Penn, D. J. and Lynch, J. M. 1982. The effect of bacterial fermentation of couchgrass rhizomes and Fusarium culmorum on the growth of barley seedlings. Plant Pathol. 31:39–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15. Phlak, F. 1967. The effect of quackgrass on succeeding plants. Plant Soil 27:273–284.Google Scholar
16. Rice, E. L. 1984. Pages 1–422 in Allelopathy, 2d ed. Academic Press, New York. 422 pp.Google Scholar
17. Toai, T. V. and Linscott, D. L. 1979. Phytotoxic effects of decaying quackgrass residues. Weed Sci. 27:595–598.Google Scholar
18. Welbank, P. J. 1960. Toxin production from Agropyron repens . Pages 158–164 in Harper, J. L., ed. The Biology of Weeds. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, England.Google Scholar
19. Welbank, P. J. 1963. Toxin production during decay of Agropyron repens (couchgrass) and other species. Weed Res. 3:205–214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20. Weston, L. A. and Putnam, A. R. 1985. Inhibition of growth, nodulation and nitrogen fixation of legumes by quackgrass (Agropyron repens). Crop. Sci. 25:561–565.Google Scholar
21. Wyse, D. L. 1980. Vernolate for augmentation of quackgrass (Agropyron repens) control with glyphosate. Weed Sci. 28: 654–657.CrossRefGoogle Scholar