Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-mp689 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T14:13:42.708Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Demographic and Biological Characteristics in Wide-Row Soybean

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 June 2017

Nicholas E. Korres  and
Jason K. Norsworthy
Nicholas E. Korres*
Affiliation:
Postdoctoral Research Associate and Professor and Elms Farming Chair of Weed Science, University of Arkansas, Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Jason K. Norsworthy
Affiliation:
Postdoctoral Research Associate and Professor and Elms Farming Chair of Weed Science, University of Arkansas, Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
*
*Corresponding author’s E-mail: korres@uark.edu and nkorres@yahoo.co.uk
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Knowledge of Palmer amaranth demographics and biology is essential for the development and implementation of weed management strategies. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Palmer amaranth density on seedling mortality, flowering initiation, and flowering progress throughout the growing season and biomass production and fecundity in wide-row soybean. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three levels of Palmer amaranth density-clusters: high, medium, and low. Palmer amaranth mortality rate was greater at high Palmer amaranth population density-cluster, reaching a peak within 30 to 40 d after Palmer amaranth emergence (DAE) (0.55 and 0.80 for 2014 and 2015, respectively), in comparison with mortality rate at medium and lower density-clusters. Likewise, as Palmer amaranth density increased, biomass and seed production per unit area of the weed also increased. Biomass production at the high density-cluster in 2014 was 664.7 g m−2 compared with 542.9 and 422.1 g m−2 at medium and low density-clusters, respectively. Similarly, biomass production at high density-cluster in 2015 was 100.6 g m−2 compared with 37.3 and 34.2 at medium and low density-clusters, respectively. In addition, seeds produced at high density-cluster were 1.5 million and 245,400 seeds m−2 for 2014 and 2015, respectively. Seed production was reduced by 29% and 54% in 2014 and by 65% and 75% in 2015 at medium and low density-clusters, respectively. Earlier flowering initiation (i.e., between 30 to 40 DAE) occurred in higher Palmer amaranth density-clusters, indicating a trade-off between reproduction and survival at high densities and more stressed environments for species survival. Palmer amaranth male-to-female sex ratio was greater at high densities, 1.3 and 1.9, compared with lower densities of 0.6 to 0.7 and 0.7 to 0.8 in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The plasticity of Palmer amaranth population and population-structure regulation, vegetative growth, and flowering shifts at various levels of intraspecific competition (i.e., high vs. low population density-clusters) and the trade-off between these biological transitions merits further investigation.

Keywords

Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.soybean, Glycine max (L.) MerrCluster analysiscohort analysisfecundityfloweringlife table analysismale-to-female sex ratiophenologyweed population dynamics
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 65 , Issue 4 , July 2017 , pp. 491 - 503
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Associate Editor for this paper: J. Anita Dille, Kansas State University.

References

Literature Cited

Adams, S, Allen, T, Whitelam, GC (2009) Interaction between the light quality and flowering time pathways in Arabidopsis . Plant J 60:257–267 Google Scholar
Asiimwe, P, Ecaat, JS, Otim, M, Gerling, D, Kyamanywa, S, Legg, JP (2007) Life-table analysis of mortality factors affecting populations of Bemisia tabaci on cassava in Uganda. Entomol Experim et Applicata 122:37–44 Google Scholar
Begon, M, Townsend, CR, Harper, JL (2006) Ecology. From Individuals to Ecosystems. 4th ed. Oxford, UK: Blackwell. Pp 89–131 Google Scholar
Bellows, TS, Driesche, RC (1999) Life table construction and analysis for evaluating biological control agents. Pages 199–220 in Bellows TS & Fisher TW, eds. Handbook of Biological Control: Principles and Applications of Biological Control. San Diego: Academic Google Scholar
Blackman, GE, Templeman, WG (1938) The nature of competition between cereal crops and annual weeds. J Agric Sci 28:247–271 Google Scholar
Boutin, C, Harper, JL (1991) A comparative study of the population dynamics of five species of Veronica in natural habitats. J Ecol 79:199–221 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bussan, AJ, Boerboom, CM, Stoltenberg, DE (2000) Response of Setaria faberi demographic processes to herbicide rates. Weed Sci 48:445–453 Google Scholar
Carey, JR, Liedo, P, Orozco, D, Vaupel, JW (1992) Slowing mortality rates at older ages in large Medfly cohorts. Science 258:457–460 Google Scholar
Clay, SA, Erazo-Barradas, M, Van de Stroet, B (2016) Palmer amaranth in South Dakota. Weed Science Society of America, Annual Meeting. San Juan, Puerto Rico, February 8–11, 2016Google Scholar
Costea, M, Weaver, SE, Tardif, FJ (2005) The biology of invasive alien plants in Canada. 3. Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer var. rudis (Sauer). Can. J. Plant Sci. 85:507–522 Google Scholar
Culpepper, A, Grey, T, Vencill, W, Kichler, J, Webster, T, Brown, S, York, A, Davis, J, Hanna, W (2006) Glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) confirmed in Georgia. Weed Sci 54:620–626 Google Scholar
Ehleringer, J (1983) Ecophysiology of Amaranthus palmeri, a Sonoran Desert summer annual. Oecologia 57:107V112Google Scholar
Fox, LR (2007) Climatic and biotic stochasticity: disparate causes of convergent demographies in rare, sympatric plants. Conserv Biol 21:1556–1561 Google Scholar
Freckleton, RP, Stephens, PA (2009) Predictive models of weed population dynamics. Weed Res 49:225–232 Google Scholar
Green, JM, Owen, MDK (2011) Herbicide-resistant crops: utilities and limitations for herbicide-resistant weed management. J Agric Food Chem 59:5819–5829 Google Scholar
Hakansson, S (1986) Competition between crops and weeds: influencing factors, experimental methods and research needs. Pages 49–60 in Proceedings of the European Weed Research Society Symposium 1986: Economic Weed Control, Paris, France. Doorwerth, Netherlands: European Weed Research SocietyGoogle Scholar
Heap, I (2017) The International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds. www.weedscience.org. Accessed: January 3, 2017Google Scholar
Hendrix, SD (1994) Effects of population size on fertilization, seed production, and seed predation in two prairie species. Pages 115–121 in Wickett RG, Dolan-Lewis P, Woodlife A & Pratt P, eds. Proceedings of the Thirteenth North American Prairie Conference: Spirit of Land, Our Prairie Legacy. Windsor, ON: Preney Print & Litho Google Scholar
Holst, N, Rasmussen, IA, Bastiaans, L (2007) Field weed population dynamics: a review of model approaches and applications. Weed Res 47:1–14 Google Scholar
Hutchings, MJ (1997) The structure of plant populations (Pages 325–358 in Crawley MJ, ed. Plant Ecology. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Scientific Google Scholar
Jha, P, Norsworthy, JK (2009) Soybean canopy and tillage effects on emergence of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) from a natural seed bank. Weed Sci 57:644–651 Google Scholar
Jha, P, Norsworthy, JK, Riley, MB, Bielenberg, DG, Bridges, W (2008) Acclimation of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) to shading. Weed Sci 56:729–734 Google Scholar
Jhala, AJ, Sandell, LD, Rana, N, Kruger, GR, Knezevic, SZ (2014) Confirmation and control of triazine and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase-inhibiting herbicide-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in Nebraska. Weed Technol 28:28–38 Google Scholar
Kalisz, S, Spigler, RB, Horvitz, CC (2014) In a long-term experimental demography study, excluding ungulates reversed invader’s explosive population growth rate and restored natives. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 111:4501–4506 Google Scholar
Keely, PE, Carter, CH, Thullen, RJ (1987) Influence of planting date on growth of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri). Weed Sci 35:199–204 Google Scholar
Korres, NE, Norsworthy, JK, FitzSimons, T, Roberts, TL, Oosterhuis, DM (2017) Differential response of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) gender to abiotic stress. Weed Sci 65:213–227 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korres, NE, Norsworthy, JK, Scott, RC (2015) Fall management practices and herbicide programs for controlling Palmer amaranth population and seed production in soybean. Pages 122–125 in Ross JE, ed. Arkansas Soybean Research Studies 2014. Research Series 631. http://arkansasagnews.uark.edu/1356.htm. Accessed: January 5, 2017Google Scholar
Korres, NE, Norsworthy, JK, Tehranchian, P, Gitsopoulos, TK, Loka, DA, Oosterhuis, DM, Moss, S, Gealy, D, Burgos, NR, Miller, R, Palhano, M (2016) Cultivars to face climate change effects on crops and weeds: a review. Agron Sustainable Dev, 36. doi: 10.1007/s13593-016-0350-5 Google Scholar
Kropff, MJ, Lotz, LAP, Weaver, SE (1993) Practical applications. Pages 149–167 in Kropff ML & van Laar HH, eds. Modeling Crop-Weed Interactions. Wallingford, UK: CABI Google Scholar
Lemen, C (1980) Allocation of reproductive effect to the male and female strategies in wind-pollinated plants. Oecologia 45:156–159 Google Scholar
Liu, Ti, Song, F, Liu, S, Zhu, X (2012) Light interception and radiation use efficiency response to narrow-wide row planting patterns in maize. Aust J Crop Sci 6:506–513 Google Scholar
Lyons, EE, Mully, TW (1992) Density effects on flowering phenology and mating potential in Nicotiana alata . Oecologia 91:93–100 Google Scholar
Massinga, RA, Currie, R, Horak, MJ, Boyer, J Jr (2001) Interference of Palmer amaranth in corn. Weed Sci 49:202–208 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Menalled, FD, Liebman, M, Buhler, D (2004) Impact of composted swine manure and tillage on common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) competition with soybean. Weed Sci 52:605–613 Google Scholar
Milligan, GW, Cooper, MC (1987) Methodology review: clustering methods. Appl Psychol Meas 11:329–354 Google Scholar
Molin, WT, Nandula, VK, Wright, AA, Bond, JA (2016) Transfer and expression of ALS inhibitor resistance from Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) to an A. spinosus×A. palmeri hybrid. Weed Sci 64:240–247 Google Scholar
Morgan, GD, Bauman, PA, Chandler, JM (2001) Competitive impact of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) development and yield. Weed Technol 15:408–412 Google Scholar
Neve, P, Norsworthy, JK, Smith, KL, Zelaya, IA (2011) Modelling evolution and management of glyphosate resistance in Amaranthus palmeri . Weed Res 51:99–112 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ngouajio, M, Ernest, J (2004) Light transmission through colored polyethylene mulches affects weed populations. HortScience 39:1302–1304 Google Scholar
Norsworthy, JK, Jha, P, Bridges, W Jr (2007) Sicklepod survival and fecundity in wide- and narrow-row glyphosate-resistant soybean (Glycine max). Weed Sci 55:252–259 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norsworthy, JK, Korres, NE, Walsh, MJ, Powles, SB (2016) Integrating herbicide programs with harvest weed seed control and other fall management practices for the control of glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri). Weed Sci 64:240–250 Google Scholar
Preston, SH, Heuveline, P, Guillot, M (2001) Demography: Measuring and Modeling Population Processes. Oxford, UK: Blackwell. Pp 38–69 Google Scholar
Puricelli, E, Orioli, G, Sabbatini, MR (2002) Demography of Anoda cristata in wide- and narrow-row soybean. Weed Res 42:456–463 Google Scholar
Riar, DS, Norworthy, JK, Steckel, LE, Stephenson, DO, Eubank, TW, Scott, RC (2013) Assessment of weed management practices and problem weeds in the midsouth United States—soybean: a consultant’s perspective. Weed Technol 27:612–622 Google Scholar
Roach, DA (2003) Evolutionary and demographic approaches to the study of whole plant senescence. Pages 331–348 in Nooden LD, ed. Cell Death in Plants. San Diego: Elsevier Academic Google Scholar
Salguero-Gomez, R, de Kroon, H (2010) Matrix projection models meet variation in the real world. J Ecol 98:250–254 Google Scholar
Saska, P, Skuhrovec, J, Lukas, J, Chi, H, Tuan, SJ, Honek, A (2016) Treatment by glyphosate-based herbicide alters life history parameters of the rose-grain aphid Metopolophium dirhodum . Sci Rep 6:27801 Google Scholar
Seversike, TM, Purcell, LC (2006) Multifoliate soybean: breeding and management strategies for ultra-early production systems in Arkansas. Page 4 in Arkansas Crop Protection Association. Abstracts Research Conference. Volume 10. Clarion Inn, Fayetteville, Arkansas, November 27–28, 2006Google Scholar
Strek, HJ (2014) Herbicide resistance. What have we learned from other disciplines? J Chem Biol 7:129–132 Google Scholar
Takeno, K (2012) Stress induced flowering. Pages 331–345 in Ahmad P & Prasad MNV, eds. Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants: Metabolism, Productivity and Sustainability. London, UK: Springer Science+Business Media CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webster, TM, Nichols, RL (2012) Changes in the prevalence of weed species in the major agronomic crops of the Southern United States: 1994/1995 to 2008/2009. Weed Sci 60:145–157 Google Scholar
Werner, PA, Caswell, H (1977) Population growth rates and age versus stage-distribution models for teasel (Dispacus sylvestris Huds.). Ecology 58:1103–1111 Google Scholar
White, J (1980) Demographic factors in populations of plants. Pages 21–45 in Solbrig OT, ed. Demography and Evolution in Plant Populations. Botanical Monographs 15. Berkeley: University of California Press/Blackwell Scientific Google Scholar