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Predicting Emergence of 23 Summer Annual Weed Species

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Rodrigo Werle ,
Lowell D. Sandell ,
Douglas D. Buhler ,
Robert G. Hartzler  and
John L. Lindquist
Rodrigo Werle
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
Lowell D. Sandell*
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
Douglas D. Buhler
Affiliation:
Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
Robert G. Hartzler
Affiliation:
Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
John L. Lindquist
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: lsandell2@unl.edu
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Abstract

First- and second-year seedbank emergence of 23 summer annual weed species common to U.S. corn production systems was studied. Field experiments were conducted between 1996 and 1999 at the Iowa State University Johnson Farm in Story County, Iowa. In the fall of 1996 and again in 1997, 1,000 seeds for most species were planted in plastic crates. Seedling emergence was counted weekly for a 2-yr period following seed burial (starting in early spring). Soil temperature at 2 cm depth was estimated using soil temperature and moisture model software (STM2). The Weibull function was fit to cumulative emergence (%) on cumulative thermal time (TT), hydrothermal time (HTT), and day of year (DOY). To identify optimum base temperature (Tbase) and base matric potential (ψbase) for calculating TT or HTT, Tbase and ψbase values ranging from 2 to 17 C and −33 to −1,500 kPa, respectively, were evaluated for each species. The search for the optimal model for each species was based on the Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC), whereas an extra penalty cost was added to HTT models. In general, fewer seedlings emerged during the first year of the first experimental run (approximately 18% across all species) than during the second experimental run (approximately 30%). However, second-year seedbank emergence was similar for both experimental runs (approximately 6%). Environmental effects may be the cause of differences in total seedling emergence among years. Based on the AIC criterion, for 17 species, the best fit of the model occurred using Tbase ranging from 2 to 15 C with four species also responding to ψbase = −750 kPa. For six species, a simple model using DOY resulted in the best fit. Adding penalty costs to AIC calculation allowed us to compare TT and HTT when both models behaved similarly. Using a constant Tbase, species were plotted and classified as early-, middle-, and late-emerging species, resulting in a practical tool for forecasting time of emergence. The results of this research provide robust information on the prediction of the time of summer annual weed emergence, which can be used to schedule weed and crop management.

Keywords

AIC criterioninformation-theoretic model comparison approachthermal timeweather dataWeibull model
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 62 , Issue 2 , June 2014 , pp. 267 - 279
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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