Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-qsmjn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T10:01:13.713Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Seed Dormancy and Adaptive Seedling Emergence Timing in Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Brian J. Schutte ,
Emilie E. Regnier  and
S. Kent Harrison
Brian J. Schutte*
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210
Emilie E. Regnier
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210
S. Kent Harrison
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: bschutte@nmsu.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Giant ragweed germination is delayed by both a physiological dormancy of the embryo (embryo dormancy) and an inhibitory influence of embryo-covering structures (covering structure-enforced [CSE] dormancy). To clarify the roles of embryo and CSE dormancy in giant ragweed seedling emergence timing, we conducted two experiments to address the following objectives: (1) determine changes in germinability for giant ragweed dispersal units (hereafter “involucres”) and their components under natural burial conditions, and (2) compare embryo and CSE dormancy alleviation and emergence periodicity between successional and agricultural populations. In Experiment 1, involucres were buried in crop fields at Columbus, OH, periodically excavated, and brought to the laboratory for dissection. Involucres, achenes, and embryos were then subjected to germination assays at 20 C. In Experiment 2, temporal patterns of seedling emergence were determined at a common burial site. Reductions in embryo and CSE dormancy were compared with controlled-environment stratification followed by germination assays at 12 and 20 C, temperatures representative of soil conditions in spring and summer. Results indicated that overwinter dormancy loss involved sequential reductions in embryo and CSE dormancy. CSE dormancy, which may limit potential for fatal germination during fall, was caused by the pericarp and/or embryo-covering structures within the pericarp. In Experiment 2, successional populations emerged synchronously in early spring, whereas agricultural populations emerged throughout the growing season. Levels of embryo dormancy were greater in the agricultural populations than the successional populations, but CSE dormancy levels were similar among populations. In 12 C germination assays, embryo dormancy levels were positively correlated with time required to reach 95% cumulative emergence (run 1: r = 0.81, P = 0.03; run 2: r = 0.76, P = 0.05). These results suggest that late-season emergence in giant ragweed involves high levels of embryo dormancy that prevent germination at low temperatures in spring.

Keywords

Giant ragweed, Ambrosia trifida L. AMBTRCoat-imposed dormancycontinuous emergencegermination timinglate-season seedling emergencephysiological seed dormancyweed adaptation
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 60 , Issue 1 , March 2012 , pp. 19 - 26
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Current address: Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology & Weed Science, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003.

References

Literature Cited

Abul-Fatih, H. A. and Bazzaz, F. A. 1979. Biology of Ambrosia trifida L. 2. Germination, emergence, growth and survival. New Phytol. 83:817–827.Google Scholar
Ali-Rachedi, S., Bouinot, D., Wagner, M. H., Bonnet, M., Sotta, B., Grappin, P., and Jullien, M. 2004. Changes in endogenous abscisic acid levels during dormancy release and maintenance of mature seeds: studies with the Cape Verde Islands ecotype, the dormant model of Arabidopsis thaliana . Planta. 219:479–488.Google Scholar
Ballard, T. O., Foley, M. E., and Bauman, T. T. 1996. Germination, viability, and protein changes during cold stratification of giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L) seed. J. Plant Physiol. 149:229–232.Google Scholar
Barthe, P., Garello, G., Bianco-Trinchant, J., and le Page-Degivry, M. T. 2000. Oxygen availability and ABA metabolism in Fagus sylvatica seeds. Plant Growth Regul. 30:185–191.Google Scholar
Baskin, J. M. and Baskin, C. C. 2004. A classification system for seed dormancy. Seed Sci. Res. 14:1–16.Google Scholar
Bewley, J. D. and Black, M. 1994. Seeds Physiology of Development and Germination. 2nd ed. New York Plenum Press. Pp. 201–220.Google Scholar
Bremer, K. 1994. Asteraceae: Cladistics and Classification. Portland, OR: Timber Press. 752 p.Google Scholar
Brown, M. L. and Brown, R. G. 1984. Herbaceous Plants of Maryland. College Park, MD University of Maryland. Pp. 987–989.Google Scholar
Corbineau, F., Bianco, J., Garello, G., and Come, D. 2002. Breakage of Pseudotsuga menziesii seed dormancy by cold treatment as related to changes in seed ABA sensitivity and ABA levels. Physiol. Plantarum. 114:313–319.Google Scholar
Davis, W. E. 1930. Primary dormancy, after-ripening, and the development of secondary dormancy in embryos of Ambrosia trifida . Am. J. Bot. 17:58–76.Google Scholar
Ellery, A. J. and Chapman, R. 2000. Embryo and seed coat factors produce seed dormancy in capeweed (Arctotheca calendula). Aust. J. Agr. Res. 51:849–854.Google Scholar
Finch-Savage, W. E. and Leubner-Metzger, G. 2006. Seed dormancy and the control of germination. New Phytol. 171:501–523.Google Scholar
Gallandt, E. R. 2006. How can we target the weed seedbank? Weed Sci. 54:588–596.Google Scholar
Gomez, K. A. and Gomez, A. A. 1984. Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research, 2nd edition. New York John Wiley and Sons. Pp. 467–471.Google Scholar
Grappin, P., Bouinot, D., Sotta, B., Miginiac, E., and Jullien, M. 2000. Control of seed dormancy in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia: post-imbibition abscisic acid synthesis imposes dormancy maintenance. Planta. 210:279–285.Google Scholar
Harrison, S. K., Regnier, E. E., Schmoll, J. T., and Harrison, J. M. 2007. Seed size and burial effects on giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) emergence and seed demise. Weed Sci. 55:16–22.Google Scholar
Harrison, S. K., Regnier, E. E., Schmoll, J. T., and Webb, J. E. 2001. Competition and fecundity of giant ragweed in corn. Weed Sci. 49:224–229.Google Scholar
Hartnett, D. C., Hartnett, B. B., and Bazzaz, F. A. 1987. Persistence of Ambrosia trifida populations in old fields and responses to successional changes. Am. J. Bot. 74:1239–1248.Google Scholar
Hilhorst, H. W. M. and Karssen, C. M. 1992. Seed dormancy and germination: the role of abscisic-acid and gibberellins and the importance of hormone mutants. Plant Growth Regul. 11:225–238.Google Scholar
Karlsson, L. M., Hidayati, S. N., Walck, J. L., and Milberg, P. 2005. Complex combination of seed dormancy and seedling development determine emergence of Viburnum tinus (Caprifoliaceae). Ann. Bot. 95:323–330.Google Scholar
Kil, J. H., Shim, K. C., Park, S. H., Koh, K. S., Suh, M. H., Ku, Y. B., Suh, S. U., Oh, H. K., and Kong, H. Y. 2004. Distributions of naturalized alien plants in South Korea. Weed Technol. 18:1493–1495.Google Scholar
Leon, R. G. and Owen, M. D. K. 2004. Artificial and natural seed banks differ in seedling emergence patterns. Weed Sci. 52:531–537.Google Scholar
Nurse, R. E., DiTommaso, A., and Ramirez, R. A. 2004. Planting date effects on the germinability and seedling vigour of Abutilon theophrasti (Malvaceae) seeds. Phytoprotection. 85:161–168.Google Scholar
Pandey, A. K. and Dhakal, M. R. 2001. Phytomelanin in Compositae. Curr. Sci. 80:933–940.Google Scholar
Peters, J. 2000. Tetrazolium Testing Handbook. Contrib. No. 29 to the Handbook on Seed Testing. Lincoln, NE Association of Official Seed Analysts. 21 p.Google Scholar
Rybnicek, O. and Jager, S. 2001. Ambrosia (ragweed) in Europe. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 13:60–66.Google Scholar
Schabenberger, O. and Pierce, F. J. 2002. Contemporary Statistical Models for the Plant and Soil Sciences. New York CRC Press. Pp. 343–345.Google Scholar
Schutte, B. J. 2007. Biology and Ecology of Ambrosia trifida L. Seedling Emergence. . Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University.164 p.Google Scholar
Schutte, B. J., Regnier, E. E., and Harrison, S. K. 2008a. The association between seed size and seed longevity among maternal families in Ambrosia trifida L. populations. Seed Sci. Res. 18:201–211.Google Scholar
Schutte, B. J., Regnier, E. E., Harrison, S. K., Schmoll, J. T., Spokas, K., and Forcella, F. 2008b. A hydrothermal seedling emergence model for giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida). Weed Sci. 56:555–560.Google Scholar
Spokas, K. and Forcella, F. 2009. Software tools for weed seed germination modeling. Weed Sci. 57:216–227.Google Scholar
Sprague, C. L., Wax, L. M., Hartzler, R. G., and Harrison, S. K. 2004. Variations in emergence patterns of giant ragweed biotypes from Ohio, Illinois, and Iowa. Page 60 in Proceedings of the 44th meeting of the Weed Science Society of America. (Weed Science Society of America, publisher).Google Scholar
Stoller, E. W. and Wax, L. M. 1974. Dormancy changes and fate of some annual weed seeds in soil. Weed Sci. 22:151–155.Google Scholar
Vandelook, F. and Van Assche, J. A. 2008. Temperature requirements for seed germination and seedling development determine timing of seedling emergence of three monocotyledonous temperate forest spring geophytes. Ann. Bot. 102:865–875.Google Scholar
Wareing, P. F. and Foda, H. A. 1957. Growth inhibitors and dormancy in Xanthium seed. Physiol. Plantarum. 10:266–280.Google Scholar
Webster, T. M., Loux, M. M., Regnier, E. E., and Harrison, S. K. 1994. Giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) canopy architecture and interference studies in soybean (Glycine max). Weed Technol. 8:559–564.Google Scholar
Yoshioka, T., Takeru, G., Shusuke, K., Shigeru, S., and Teruyoshi, H. 2003. The regulation of thermoinhibition of seed germination in winter annual plants by abscisic acid. Pp. 217–223 in Nicolas, G., Bradford, K. J., Pritchard, H. W., and Come, D., eds. The Biology of Seeds: Recent Research Advances. Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Seeds; Salamanca, Spain 2002. New York CABI Publishing.Google Scholar
Zar, J. H. 1999. Biostatistical Analysis. 4th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice Hall. Pp. 437–440.Google Scholar