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Spatial Distribution of Acetolactate Synthase Resistance Mechanisms in Neighboring Populations of Silky Windgrass (Apera spica-venti)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 May 2017

Marielle Babineau ,
Solvejg K. Mathiassen ,
Michael Kristensen ,
Niels Holst ,
Roland Beffa  and
Per Kudsk
Marielle Babineau
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, Senior Scientist, Associate Professor, Senior Scientist, and Professor, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Flakkebjerg Research Center, Forsoegsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
Solvejg K. Mathiassen
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, Senior Scientist, Associate Professor, Senior Scientist, and Professor, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Flakkebjerg Research Center, Forsoegsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
Michael Kristensen
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, Senior Scientist, Associate Professor, Senior Scientist, and Professor, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Flakkebjerg Research Center, Forsoegsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
Niels Holst
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, Senior Scientist, Associate Professor, Senior Scientist, and Professor, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Flakkebjerg Research Center, Forsoegsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
Roland Beffa
Affiliation:
Weed Biology Researcher, Weed Resistance Research, Bayer CropScience, Industriepark Hoecht, Building H872, Frankfurt 65926, Germany
Per Kudsk*
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, Senior Scientist, Associate Professor, Senior Scientist, and Professor, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Flakkebjerg Research Center, Forsoegsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
*
*Corresponding author’s E-mail: per.kudsk@agro.au.dk
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Abstract

Silky windgrass is a serious weed in central and northern Europe. Its importance has escalated in recent years because of its growing resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides. This study investigated the resistance level for three herbicide sites of action in eight silky windgrass populations, collected in fields neighboring a field where iodosulfuron sodium salt–resistant silky windgrass had previously been found. Target site resistance (TSR) and non–target site resistance (NTSR) mechanisms were identified, and a spatial gradient distribution hypothesis of ALS resistance was tested. Populations showed large variations in ED50 values to iodosulfuron, with resistance indices (RIs) ranging from 0.1 to 372. No cross-resistance was found to other herbicide groups with the same site of action as iodosulfuron. In contrast, resistance was observed to the acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor, fenoxaprop ethyl ester (RI from 0.7 to 776), while the activity of prosulfocarb, an inhibitor of long-chain fatty-acid synthesis, was unaffected. Iodosulfuron-resistant phenotypes were associated with NTSR, while fenoxaprop ethyl ester resistance was caused by both NTSR and TSR (Ile-1781-Leu mutation). A large-scale trend in the spatial distribution of resistance to ALS indicated a decreasing resistance with increased distance from an epicenter. After finer-scale analysis, less than 0.05% of the residual variation could be attributed to spatial autocorrelation. The spatial resistance pattern was not correlated with the dominant wind direction, while there was a correlation between the resistant phenotype and type of crop. This study underlines that NTSR mechanisms do not always confer broad resistance to different herbicide subclasses and site of action, hence the complex relationship to resistant phenotype. NTSR mechanisms, in particular detoxification, were present at different levels for the herbicides tested in the silky windgrass populations of this study. The factors contributing to the spatial distribution of resistance remain elusive.

Keywords

iodosulfuron sodium salt; fenoxaprop ethyl ester; prosulfocarb; pyroxsulam;silky windgrass, Apera spica-venti (L.) Beauv. APESV.ACCasecross-resistancefatty-acid synthesis inhibitorsimazethapyrmultiple resistancepyroxsulamresistance patterntarget-site resistancenon–target site resistance
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 65 , Issue 4 , July 2017 , pp. 479 - 490
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2017 

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Footnotes

Associate Editor for this paper: Vijay Nandula, USDA–ARS

References

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