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Temperature effects on germination of nine Amaranthus species

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Lawrence E. Steckel ,
Christy L. Sprague ,
Edward W. Stoller  and
Loyd M. Wax
Lawrence E. Steckel
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
Edward W. Stoller
Affiliation:
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
Loyd M. Wax
Affiliation:
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
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Abstract

Germination of weed seed and time of emergence are greatly affected by temperature. The effects of temperature on seed germination of tumble pigweed, prostrate pigweed, smooth pigweed, Palmer amaranth, Powell amaranth, spiny amaranth, redroot pigweed, common waterhemp, and tall waterhemp were examined under constant and alternating temperature regimens at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 C. Averaged over all temperatures, alternating temperature regimens increased total germination of all species, except Powell amaranth, which germinated similarly under both constant and alternating temperatures. In addition, Powell amaranth seed exhibited the highest total germination across all temperatures compared with the other amaranth species. Prostrate pigweed seed demonstrated the lowest total germination. Optimal temperatures for maximum germination were greater than 20 C for all species, except prostrate pigweed. The alternating temperature regimen centering at 30 C was used to compare the germination rates of the nine species. Palmer amaranth and smooth pigweed attained complete germination on the first day. The rate of germination for these species was much more rapid than the other Amaranthus spp., which took 3 to 8 d to reach 50% germination.

Keywords

Common waterhemp, Amaranthus rudis Sauer AMATAPalmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S.Wats. AMAPAPowell amaranth, Amaranthus powelli S.Wats. AMAPOprostrate pigweed, Amaranthus blitoides S.Wats. AMABLsmooth pigweed, Amaranthus hybridus L. AMACHspiny amaranth, Amaranthus spinosus L. AMASPredroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L. AMAREtall waterhemp, Amaranthus tuberculatus Sauer AMATUtumble pigweed, Amaranthus albus L. AMAALDiurnal temperaturegermination rate
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 52 , Issue 2 , April 2004 , pp. 217 - 221
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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