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Russian thistle (Salsola tragus L.) control with soil-active herbicides in no-till fallow

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 January 2021

Drew J. Lyon Open the ORCID record for Drew J. Lyon [Opens in a new window] ,
Judit Barroso Open the ORCID record for Judit Barroso [Opens in a new window] ,
Mark E. Thorne ,
Jennifer Gourlie  and
Larry K. Lutcher Open the ORCID record for Larry K. Lutcher [Opens in a new window]
Drew J. Lyon*
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
Judit Barroso
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Columbia Basin Agricultural Research Center, Oregon State University, Adams, OR, USA
Mark E. Thorne
Affiliation:
Associate in Research, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
Jennifer Gourlie
Affiliation:
Research Assistant, Columbia Basin Agricultural Research Center, Oregon State University, Adams, OR, USA
Larry K. Lutcher
Affiliation:
Professor, Morrow County Extension, Oregon State University, Heppner, OR, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Drew J. Lyon, Professor, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 646420, Pullman, WA99164-6420. Email: drew.lyon@wsu.edu
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Abstract

The benefits of no-till fallow, which include reduced soil erosion, improved soil health, and increased stored soil water, are in jeopardy because of the widespread development of glyphosate resistance in Russian thistle. The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of soil-active, residual herbicides for Russian thistle control in no-till fallow. The combinations of sulfentrazone + carfentrazone and flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone, and metribuzin alone were each applied in late fall, late winter, and split-applied in late fall and late winter at three sites: Adams, OR, in 2017–2018; Lind, WA, in 2018–2019; and Ralston, WA, in 2019–2020. All treatments provided good to excellent control of the initial flush of Russian thistle when assessed in mid-May, except the late-fall application of metribuzin at all three sites, and the late-fall application of sulfentrazone + carfentrazone at Adams. Cumulative Russian thistle densities, evaluated monthly throughout the fallow season, were lowest for the sulfentrazone + carfentrazone treatments, except for the late-fall application at Adams. However, flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone and metribuzin provided greater control of tumble mustard and prickly lettuce than did sulfentrazone + carfentazone. Sulfentrazone + carfentrazone, flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone, and metribuzin can all be used for Russian thistle control in fallow. To reduce the risk for crop injury to subsequently planted winter wheat, a late-fall application of sulfentrazone + carfentrazone may be the preferred treatment in low-rainfall regions where winter wheat–fallow is commonly practiced. A late-winter application may be preferred in higher rainfall regions where a 3-year rotation (e.g., winter wheat–spring wheat–fallow) is common. Flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone should be considered if other broadleaf weeds, such as tumble mustard or prickly lettuce, are of concern. The use of these soil-applied herbicides will reduce the need for the frequent application of glyphosate for Russian thistle control in no-till fallow.

Keywords

Chemical fallowglyphosate resistanceherbicide persistenceCarfentrazoneflumioxazinglyphosatemetribuzinpyroxasulfonesulfentrazoneprickly lettuceLactuca serriola L. LACSERussian thistleSalsola tragus L. SASKTtumble mustardSisymbrium altissimum L. SSYALwinter wheatTriticum aestivum L.
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 35 , Issue 4 , August 2021 , pp. 547 - 553
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Weed Science Society of America

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Vipan Kumar, Kansas State University

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