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Cereal rye cover crop and herbicide application method affect cotton stand, Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) control, and cotton yield

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 August 2019

Lavesta C. Hand Open the ORCID record for Lavesta C. Hand [Opens in a new window] ,
Robert L. Nichols ,
Theodore M. Webster  and
A. Stanley Culpepper
Lavesta C. Hand*
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA
Robert L. Nichols
Affiliation:
Senior Director of Agronomy, Weed Control, Nematology, and Pathology, Cotton Incorporated, Cary, NC, USA
Theodore M. Webster
Affiliation:
Deceased, Supervisory Research Agronomist, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Tifton, GA, USA
A. Stanley Culpepper
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Lavesta C. Hand, University of Georgia, Coastal Plains Research Station, 2356 Rainwater Road, NESPAL Building, Tifton, GA 31794. (Email: camphand@uga.edu)
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Abstract

Six on-farm studies determined the effects of a rolled rye cover crop, herbicide program, and planting technique on cotton stand, weed control, and cotton yield in Georgia. Treatments included: (1) rye drilled broadcast with 19-cm row spacing and a broadcast-herbicide program (2) rye drilled with a 25-cm rye-free zone in the cotton row and a broadcast-herbicide program (3) rye drilled with a 25-cm rye-free zone in the cotton row with PPI and PRE herbicides banded in the cotton planting row, and (4) no cover crop (i.e., weedy cover) with broadcast herbicides. At two locations, cotton stand was lowest with rye drilled broadcast; at these sites the rye-free zone maximized stand equal to the no-cover system. At a third location, cover crop systems resulted in greater stand, due to enhanced soil moisture preservation compared with the no-cover system. Treatments did not influence cotton stand at the other three locations and did not differ in the control of weeds other than Palmer amaranth at any location. Treatments controlled Palmer amaranth equally at three locations; however, differences were observed at the three locations having the greatest glyphosate-resistant plant densities. For these locations, when broadcasting herbicides, Palmer amaranth populations were reduced 82% to 86% in the broadcast rye and rye-free zone systems compared with the no-cover system at harvest. The system with banded herbicides was nearly 21 times less effective than the similar system broadcasting herbicides. At these locations, yields in the rye broadcast and rye-free zone systems with broadcast herbicides were increased 9% to 16% compared with systems with no cover or a rye-free zone with PPI and PRE herbicides banded. A rolled rye cover crop can lessen weed emergence and selection pressure while improving weed control and cotton yield, but herbicides should be broadcast in fields heavily infested with glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth.

Keywords

Jason Bond, Mississippi State Universitycereal ryeSecale cereale L.Palmer amaranthAmaranthus palmeri S. Watson AMAPAcottonGossypium hirsutum L.Blowoutconservation tillagerye-free zonestrip tillage
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 33 , Issue 6 , December 2019 , pp. 794 - 799
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2019 

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