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Confirmation and Control of Propanil-Resistant and Quinclorac-Resistant Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in Rice

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Mayank S. Malik*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Science, University of Arkansas, 1366 W. Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Nilda R. Burgos
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Science, University of Arkansas, 1366 W. Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Ronald E. Talbert
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Science, University of Arkansas, 1366 W. Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: mmalik@ufl.edu.

Abstract

Intensive selection pressure from repeated use of propanil and quinclorac led to the evolution of herbicide-resistant barnyardgrass biotypes. Twenty-two composite field samples were tested for level of resistance in 2002 and 2003, and field studies were conducted at the Rice Research and Extension Center, Stuttgart, AR, in 2002 and 2003 to evaluate alternative rice herbicides to control propanil-resistant (PR) and quinclorac-resistant (QR) barnyardgrass. Of the 22 composite samples, four were PR (30 to 40% control); four had a mixed population of PR, QR, and susceptible (S) barnyardgrass; and two had multiple resistance to propanil and quinclorac (P/QR), with control from propanil of 15 to 30% and control from quinclorac of 5 to 10%. ‘Wells’ rice was used where conventional herbicide programs were evaluated, and Clearfield rice ‘CL-161’ (imidazolinone-resistant) was used for herbicide programs involving imazethapyr. All PR and QR barnyardgrass were controlled > 90% by alternative herbicides, including all preemergence (PRE) and delayed preemergence (DPRE) treatments. By 56 d after emergence (DAE), cyhalofop or fenoxaprop applied to two- to three-leaf barnyardgrass (early postemergence [EPOST]), followed by (fb) a preflood application, controlled barnyardgrass > 93%. Pendimethalin controlled PR barnyardgrass 21 DAE, but not all season long. In contrast, imazethapyr in Clearfield rice controlled all grass weeds 100% all season long. Midpostemergence (MPOST) bispyribac application at the four- to five-leaf stage also provided season-long control of all barnyardgrass biotypes (> 88%, 56 DAE). Rice yields ranged from 5,300 to 5,700 kg ha−1 in conventional weed-control treatments and from 2,800 to 5,000 kg ha−1 in imazethapyr-treated plots. Nontreated plots yielded 1,500 kg ha−1.

La selección intensiva de presión a partir del uso repetido de propanil y quinclorac condujo al desarrollo de herbicidas resistentes a los biotipos de barnyardgrass (echinochloa crus-galli). Veintidós muestras de campo compuestas fueron estudiadas para medir el nivel de resistencia en 2002 y 2003. También se llevaron al cabo otros estudios de campo en el Centro de Investigación Extensiva de Arroz en Stuttgart, Arkansas en 2002 y 2003 para evaluar herbicidas alternativos para el arroz con el fin de controlar la resistencia al propanil (RP) y la resistencia del barnyardgrass al quinclorac (RQ). De las 22 muestras compuestas cuatro fueron resistentes al propanil RP (de un 30 a un 40% de control); cuatro tuvieron una población mixta de resistencia al propanil y quinclorac RP, RQ, y fueron susceptibles al barnyardgrass; y dos tuvieron múltiple resistencia al quinclorac y propanil (R P/Q), con un control a partir del propanil de un 15 a un 30% y el control a partir de quinclorac de un 5 a un 10%. Se usó la variedad de arroz “Wells” donde se evaluaron los programas de herbicida convencional y arroz Clearfiel ‘CL-161’ (resistente a imidazolinone) para los programas que incluyeron imazethapyr. Todos los barnyardgrass resistentes al propanil y quinclorar fueron controlados en un >90% por herbicidas alternativos, incluyendo tratamientos de pre-emergencia (PE) y pre-emergencia tardía (DPRE). A los 56 días después de la emergencia (DAE), el cyhalofop o el fenoxapop aplicado a la barnyardgrass en una etapa de dos o tres hojas (temprana post-emergencia, EPOST) antes de la inundación del cultivo, controló barnyardgrass en >93%. El pedimethalin controló la barnyardgrass resistente al propanil a los 21 (DAE) días después del experimento, pero no durante todo el curso de la estación. En contraste, el imazethapyr en el arroz Clearfiel controló todas las malezas en un 100% durante toda la estación. El bispyribac a emergencia media (MPOST) aplicado en un estrado de 4 a 5 hojas, proporcionó también un control durante toda la estación a todos los biotipos de barnyardgrass (>88%, >56 DAE). Los rendimientos del arroz fueron de 5300 a 5700 Kg ha−1 usando tratamientos de control convencional de malezas y de 4800 a 5000 Kg ha−1. en las parcelas tratadas con imazethapyr. Los testigos no tratados tuvieron un rendimiento de 1500 Kg ha−1.

Type
Weed Management—Major Crops
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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