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Effect of Carrier Water Hardness and Ammonium Sulfate on Efficacy of 2,4-D Choline and Premixed 2,4-D Choline Plus Glyphosate

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 February 2017

Pratap Devkota  and
William G. Johnson
Pratap Devkota*
Affiliation:
Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054
William G. Johnson
Affiliation:
Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: pdevkota@purdue.edu
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Abstract

Spray water quality is an important consideration for optimizing herbicide efficacy. Hard water cations in the carrier water can reduce herbicide performance. Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the influence of hard water cations and the use of ammonium sulfate (AMS) on the efficacy of 2,4-D choline and premixed 2,4-D choline plus glyphosate for giant ragweed, horseweed, and Palmer amaranth control. Carrier water hardness was established at 0, 200, 400, 600, 800, or 1,000 mg L−1 using CaCl2 and MgSO4, and each hardness level consisted of without or with AMS at 10.2 g L−1. One-third of the proposed use rates of 2,4-D choline at 280 g ae ha−1 and 2,4-D choline plus glyphosate at 266 plus 283 g ae ha−1, respectively, were applied in the study. An increase in carrier water hardness showed a linear trend for reducing 2,4-D choline and 2,4-D choline plus glyphosate efficacy on all weed species evaluated in both studies. The increase in water hardness level reduced giant ragweed control with 2,4-D choline and the premix formulation of 2,4-D choline plus glyphosate to a greater extent without AMS than it did with AMS in the spray solution. Increases in water hardness from 0 to 1,000 mg L−1 reduced weed control 20% or greater with 2,4-D choline. Likewise, the efficacy of the premixed 2,4-D choline plus glyphosate was reduced 21% or greater with increased water hardness from 0 to 1,000 mg L−1. The addition of AMS improved giant ragweed, horseweed, and Palmer amaranth control ≥ 17% and ≥ 10% for 2,4-D choline and 2,4-D choline plus glyphosate application, respectively. The biomass of all weed species was reduced by ≥ 8% and ≥ 5% with 2,4-D choline and 2,4-D choline plus glyphosate application, respectively, when AMS was added to hard water.

La calidad del agua de aplicación es una consideración importante para optimizar la eficacia del herbicida. La presencia de cationes de agua pesada en el agua de mezcla puede reducir el desempeño del herbicida. Se realizaron estudios de invernadero para evaluar la influencia de los cationes de agua pesada y el uso de ammonium sulfate (AMS) sobre la eficacia de 2,4-D choline y la premezcla de 2,4-D más glyphosate para el control de Ambrosia trifida, Conyza canadensis, y Amaranthus palmeri. La dureza del agua de mezcla se estableció en 0, 200, 400, 600, 800, ó 1,000 mg L−1 usando CaCl2 y MgSO4, y cada nivel de dureza fue analizado con y sin AMS a 10.2 g L−1. En el estudio se aplicó un tercio de las dosis propuestas para 2,4-D choline a 280 g ae ha−1 y 2,4-D choline más glyphosate a 266 más 283 g ae ha−1, respectivamente. El incremento en la dureza del agua de mezcla mostró una tendencia lineal a reducir la eficacia de 2,4-D choline y 2,4-D choline más glyphosate sobre todas las especies de malezas evaluadas en ambos estudios. El incremento en el nivel de dureza del agua redujo más el control de A. trifida con 2,4-D choline y con la formulación en premezcla de 2,4-D choline más glyphosate en soluciones de aplicación sin AMS que en las que tenían AMS. El aumentar la dureza del agua de 0 a 1,000 mg L−1 redujo el control de malezas con 2,4-D choline 20% o más. De la misma forma, la eficacia de la premezcla de 2,4-D más glyphosate fue reducida 21% o más al incrementarse la dureza del agua de 0 a 1,000 mg L−1. La adición de AMS mejoró el control de A. trifida, C. canadensis, y A. palmeri ≥17% y ≥10% con aplicaciones de 2,4-D choline y 2,4-D choline más glyphosate, respectivamente. La biomasa de todas las especies de malezas fue reducida ≥8% y ≥5% con aplicaciones de 2,4-D choline y 2,4-D choline más glyphosate, respectivamente, cuando se agregó AMS a agua dura.

Keywords

2,4-D cholineammonium sulfateglyphosategiant ragweed, Ambrosia trifida L. AMBTRhorseweed, Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. ERICAPalmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. AMAPA2,4-D choline and glyphosate formulationEnlist Duo herbicideEnlist weed control systemwater quality
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 30 , Issue 4 , December 2016 , pp. 878 - 887
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

Associate editor for this paper: Ramon G. Leon, University of Florida.

References

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