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Establishing the Geographical Distribution and Level of Acetolactate Synthase Resistance of Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Accessions in Georgia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Aaron M. Wise ,
Timothy L. Grey ,
Eric P. Prostko ,
William K. Vencill  and
Theodore M. Webster
Aaron M. Wise
Affiliation:
Southeast AG Research Inc., 86 Jim Moore Road, Chula, GA 31733
Timothy L. Grey*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, The University of Georgia, 115 Coastal Way, P.O. Box 748, Tifton GA 31794
Eric P. Prostko
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, The University of Georgia, 115 Coastal Way, P.O. Box 748, Tifton GA 31794
William K. Vencill
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, The University of Georgia, 120 Carlton Street, Athens GA 30602
Theodore M. Webster
Affiliation:
U.S. Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Tifton, GA 31794
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: tgrey@uga.edu.
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Abstract

Palmer amaranth resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)–inhibiting herbicides was first identified in Georgia in 2000. Since then, complaints from peanut producers have increased concerning failure of ALS herbicides in controlling Palmer amaranth. Because efficacy of ALS herbicides can be compromised under adverse conditions, seeds from Palmer amaranth plants that escaped weed control were collected across the peanut-growing region in Georgia to investigate the cause of these reported failures. Greenhouse and growth-chamber studies were conducted using these seeds to evaluate whether weed escapes were a result of Palmer amaranth resistance to ALS herbicides. Each of the 61 accessions collected across Georgia exhibited varying levels of resistance to imazapic applied POST (< 55% control, relative to ALS-susceptible Palmer amaranth). Subsamples of the accessions were evaluated for their response to imazapic rates, which indicated variable levels of resistance across Palmer amaranth accessions. The rate of imazapic that provided 50% reduction in Palmer amaranth plant biomass (I50) for the known susceptible biotype was 0.9 g/ha of imazapic. Of the 10 accessions evaluated, 8 of them had I50 values that ranged from 3 to 297 g/ha of imazapic. The other two accessions could not be fit to the log-logistic dose–response curve and had undeterminable I50 values because of high levels of ALS resistance (> 1,400 g/ha of imazapic). Herbicide cross-resistance experiments indicated that 30 accessions were resistant to the ALS herbicides imazapic, chlorimuron, pyrithiobac, and diclosulam at the recommended field-use rates. However, each of these 30 accessions was susceptible to glyphosate. These data demonstrate that ALS-resistant Palmer amaranth occurs throughout the peanut-growing region of Georgia. Growers in Georgia will need to alter their weed-control programs in peanut to include herbicides with multiple modes of action that do not rely on ALS herbicides for effective Palmer amaranth control.

Keywords

ChlorimurondiclosulamimazapicpyrithiobacPalmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri Lpeanut, Arachis hypogea L.Herbicide resistanceacetolactate synthasedose–responseweed resistance
Type
Weed Management—Major Crops
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 23 , Issue 2 , June 2009 , pp. 214 - 220
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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