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Investigations of the sensitivity of ornamental, fruit, and nut plant species to driftable rates of 2,4-D and dicamba

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 November 2019

Brian R. Dintelmann Open the ORCID record for Brian R. Dintelmann [Opens in a new window] ,
Michele R. Warmund ,
Mandy D. Bish  and
Kevin W. Bradley
Brian R. Dintelmann*
Affiliation:
Graduate Research Assistant, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
Michele R. Warmund
Affiliation:
Professor, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
Mandy D. Bish
Affiliation:
Extension Weed Specialist, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
Kevin W. Bradley
Affiliation:
Professor, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
*
Author for Correspondence: Brian R. Dintelmann, Graduate Research Assistant, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, 5 Waters Hall, Columbia, MO65211. Email: brdfkb@mail.missouri.edu
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Abstract

An experiment was conducted in 2017 and 2018 to determine the sensitivity of driftable rates of 2,4-D and dicamba with or without glyphosate on common ornamental, fruit, and nut species. Three driftable rates corresponding to ½, 1/20th, and 1/200th of the manufacturer’s labeled rate (1 × rate) of 2,4-D (1.09 kg ae ha−1), 2,4-D plus glyphosate (1.09 kg ae ha−1 plus 1.10 kg ae ha−1), dicamba (0.56 kg ae ha−1), and dicamba plus glyphosate (0.56 kg ae ha−1 plus 1.10 kg ae ha−1) were applied to apple, crabapple, dogwood, American elderberry, American elm, grapevine, hydrangea, red maple, pin oak, peach, pecan, eastern redbud, rose, red raspberry, strawberry, sweetgum, nannyberry viburnum, and black walnut plants. Visible estimates of injury were recorded 28 and 56 days after treatment (DAT). Plant measurements included leaf malformation, tree trunk growth, and shoot length. Across all species, the ½ × rate of 2,4-D plus glyphosate resulted in 61% injury 28 DAT, whereas the ½ × rate of dicamba plus glyphosate resulted in 51% injury. Across plant species and herbicides, ½ ×, 1/20 ×, and 1/200 × rates caused injury ranging from 3% to 100%, 0% to 66%, and 0% to 19%, respectively. Hydrangea was the least sensitive species; grapevine was most sensitive. Changes in plant measurements were dependent on the species and herbicide applied. Treatments at the ½ × or 1/20 × rate resulted in shoot length, leaf malformation, and trunk tree diameter differences for 11, 10, and 7 species, respectively, compared with nontreated plants. Collectively, the measurements and visual injury assessments indicated apple, red maple, peach, and pin oak were more sensitive to treatments containing dicamba, whereas black walnut, grapevine, and American elm were more sensitive to 2,4-D. Although the 1/200 × rates of 2,4-D and dicamba did not result in changes to plant measurements, obvious injury symptoms were observed, which could render these plants unsalable.

Keywords

2,4-Ddicambaglyphosateapple, Malus domesticacrabapple, Malus sargentiidogwood, Cornus floridaAmerican elderberry, Sambucus canadesisAmerican elm, Ulmus americanagrapevine, Vitis aestivalishydrangea, Hydrangea macrophyllared maple, Acer rubrumpin oak, Quercus palustrispeach, Prunus persicapecan, Carya illinoinensiseastern redbud, Cercis canadensisrose, Rosa sp.red raspberry, Rubus idaeusstrawberry, Fragaria × ananassasweetgum, Liquidambar styracifluanannyberry viburnum, Viburnum lentagoblack walnut, Juglans nigraHerbicide injurytreesdriftoff-target movement
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 34 , Issue 3 , June 2020 , pp. 331 - 341
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2019

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Robert Nurse, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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