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Relating Simazine Performance to Irrigation Management

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Alfredo Dasilva ,
Cindy Garretson ,
John Troiano ,
Gary Ritenour  and
Charles Krauter
Alfredo Dasilva
Affiliation:
California Department of Pesticide Regulation, 1001 I Street, Sacramento, CA 95812-4015
Cindy Garretson
Affiliation:
California Department of Pesticide Regulation, 1001 I Street, Sacramento, CA 95812-4015
John Troiano*
Affiliation:
California Department of Pesticide Regulation, 1001 I Street, Sacramento, CA 95812-4015
Gary Ritenour
Affiliation:
School of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, California State University, Fresno, CA 93740-8009
Charles Krauter
Affiliation:
School of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, California State University, Fresno, CA 93740-8009
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: jtroiano@cdpr.ca.gov
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Abstract

Although water is crucial to the performance of preemergence herbicides, pesticide performance has rarely been related to irrigation management. This 2-yr study investigated the effect that amount of irrigation water applied had on activity of simazine. Three rates of simazine at 0, 1.12, and 2.24 kg/ha were applied to a 3-yr-old nectarine orchard that was irrigated with microsprinklers. The performance of simazine was compared between irrigation treatments initially targeted to provide water at 110 (efficient) and 175% (overwatered) of crop water requirements. Simazine effectiveness was based on the survival of oat and cucumber plants that were seeded at 0, 14, 28, 56, and 84 d after herbicide application. A longer time interval to 50% survival indicated prolonged herbicidal activity. Results were consistent between years in that simazine's performance was consistently greater in efficient irrigation treatments. The greatest increases were measured at the higher simazine application rate (2.24 kg/ha); overall averages for the length of time to reach 50% survival for cucumber were 50 and 23 d and for oats were 55 and 15 d for efficient and overwatered irrigation treatments, respectively. Use of an efficient irrigation management technique could have enhanced simazine's performance through a decreased leaching of residues from the weed root zone or less chemical or biological degradation (or both). Adoption of efficient irrigation management has been identified as a best management practice to mitigate leaching of pesticide residues to groundwater in coarse soils in California. This study indicates that efficient irrigation improves simazine performance and that both factors, pesticide application and irrigation management, should be considered when developing a weed management system.

Keywords

Simazinecucumber, Cucumis sativus L.nectarine, Prunus persica L.oat, Avena sativa LBioassaygroundwater contaminationherbicide performanceirrigation efficiencyELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbant assayETo, evapotranspiration
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 17 , Issue 2 , June 2003 , pp. 330 - 337
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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