Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-22dnz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T18:55:58.224Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Weed Thresholds in Southern U.S. Rice, Oryza sativa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Roy J. Smith Jr.
Roy J. Smith Jr.*
Affiliation:
Agric. Res. Serv., U.S. Dept. Agric., Stuttgart, AR 72160
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Knowledge of interference thresholds, biology, and growth habits of weeds of rice is essential to implement timely, effective, economical weed control technology for profitable rice production. Regression analyses were used to determine threshold levels for weed densities and durations of interference for major weeds of rice. Weed threshold information for individual species or combinations of species can be used to develop models for initiating control inputs and determining their costs and returns. Among the grass weeds in density experiments, red rice reduced rice grain yields the most followed by barnyardgrass, beared sprangletop, and broadleaf signalgrass. Among broadleaf/aquatic weeds in density experiments, hemp sesbania reduced rice grain yields the most followed by northern jointvetch, ducksalad, spreading dayflower, and eclipta. Barnyardgrass, broadleaf signalgrass, and ducksalad interfered with rice the most during early season, whereas eclipta, hemp sesbania, northern jointvetch, red rice, and spreading dayflower caused greater interference during mid- to late-season.

Keywords

Barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.)Beauv. # ECHCGbearded sprangletop, Leptochloa fascicularis (Lam.)Gray # LEFFAbroadleaf signalgrass, Brachiaria platyphylla (Griseb.)Nash. # BRAPPducksalad, Heteranthera limosa (Sw.)Willd. # HETLIeclipta, Eclipta prostrata L. # ECLALhemp sesbania, Sesbania exaltata (Raf.)Rydb. ex A. W. Hill # SEBEXnorthern jointvetch, Aeschyomene virginica (L.)B.S.P. # AESVIred rice, Oryza sativa L. # ORYSA: rice, Oryza sativa L. “Newbonnet”spreading dayflower, Commelina diffusa Burm. f. # COMDIWeed interferenceduration of weed interference
Type
Feature
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 2 , Issue 3 , July 1988 , pp. 232 - 241
Copyright
Copyright © 1988 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Baldwin, F. L., Oliver, L. R., Keisling, T. C., and Stone, J. L. 1986. A computer program for making weed management decisions in soybeans. Abstr. Arkansas Agric. Pest. Assoc. 25:31.Google Scholar
2. Barrett, S. C. H. 1983. Crop mimicry in weeds. Econ. Bot. 37:255–282.Google Scholar
3. Barrett, S. C. H., and Seaman, D. E. 1980. The weed flora of California rice fields. Aquat. Bot. 9:351–376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4. Black, C. C., Chen, T. M., and Brown, R. H. 1969. Biochemical basis for plant competion. Weed Sci. 18:338–344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Chandler, J. M. 1981. Estimated losses of crops to weeds, p. 95–109 in Pimentel, D., ed. Handbook of Pest Management in Agriculture. Vol. 1. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL.Google Scholar
6. Chandler, J. M., Hamill, A. S., and Thomas, A. G. 1984. Crop losses due to weeds in Canada and the United States. Special Rep. Losses Due to Weeds Committee, Weed Sci. Soc. Am., 309 W. Clark St., Champaign, IL.Google Scholar
7. Dawson, J. H. 1970. Time and duration of weed infestations in relation to weed-crop competition. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 23:13–25.Google Scholar
8. Diarra, A., Smith, R. J. Jr., and Talbert, R. E. 1985. Interference of red rice (Oryza sativa) with rice (O. sativa). Weed Sci. 33:644–649.Google Scholar
9. Diarra, A., Smith, R. J. Jr., and Talbert, R. E. 1985. Growth and morphological characteristics of red rice (Oryza sativa) biotypes. Weed Sci. 33:310–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10. Diarra, A., Smith, R. J. Jr., and Talbert, R. E. 1985. Red rice (Oryza sativa) control in drill-seeded rice (O. sativa). Weed Sci. 33:703–707.Google Scholar
11. Duke, S. O. 1986. Naturally occurring chemical compounds as herbicides. Rev. Weed Sci. 2:15–44.Google Scholar
12. Elmore, C. D., and Paul, R. N. 1983. Composite list of C4 weeds. Weed Sci. 31:686–692.Google Scholar
13. Hill, J. E., LeStrange, M. L., Bayer, D. E., and Williams, J. F. 1985. Integrated weed management in California rice. Proc. West. Weed Sci. Soc. 38:100–104.Google Scholar
14. James, W. C. 1981. Estimated losses of crops from plant pathogens. p. 79–84 in Pimentel, D., ed. Handbook of Pest Management in Agriculture. Vol. 1. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL.Google Scholar
15. Keisling, T. C., Oliver, L. R., Crowley, R. H., and Baldwin, F. L. 1984. Potential use of response surface analyses for weed management in soybeans (Glycine max). Weed Sci. 32:552–557.Google Scholar
16. McGregor, J. T. 1986. Interference and control of broadleaf signalgrass (Brachiaria platyphylla) in rice (Oryza sativa). Ph. D. dissertation, Univ. Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR.Google Scholar
17. Mortimer, A. M., and Firbank, L. G. 1983. Towards a rationale for the prediction of weed infestations and the assessment of control strategies. Proc 10th Int. Congr. Plant Prot. 1:146–153.Google Scholar
18. Norton, G. A., and Way, M. G. 1983. Forecasting and crop protection decision making—realities and future needs. Proc. 10th Int. Congr. Plant Prot. 1:131–138.Google Scholar
19. Schwartz, P. H., and Klassen, W. 1981. Estimate of losses caused by insects and mites. p. 15–77 in Pimentel, D., ed. Handbook of Pest Management in Agriculture. Vol. 1. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL.Google Scholar
20. Smith, R. J. Jr. 1968. Weed competition in rice. Weed Sci. 16:252–255.Google Scholar
21. Smith, R. J. Jr. 1974. Competition of barnyardgrass with rice cultivars. Weed Sci. 22:423–426.Google Scholar
22. Smith, R. J. Jr. 1975. Herbicides for control of Leptochloa panicoides in water-seeded rice. Weed Sci. 23:36–39.Google Scholar
23. Smith, R. J. Jr. 1981. Control of red rice (Oryza sativa) in water-seeded rice (O. sativa). Weed Sci. 29:663–666.Google Scholar
24. Smith, R. J. Jr. 1983. Weeds of major economic importance in rice and yield losses due to weed competition. p. 19–36 in Weed Control in Rice (Aug. 31–Sept. 4, 1981), Int. Rice Res. Inst., Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines.Google Scholar
25. Smith, R. J. Jr. 1983. Competition of bearded sprangletop Leptochloa fascicularis) with rice (Oryza sativa). Weed Sci. 31:120–123.Google Scholar
26. Smith, R. J. Jr. 1984. Competition of spreading dayflower (Commelina diffusa) with rice (Oryza sativa). Weed Sci. 32:116–119.Google Scholar
27. Smith, R. J. Jr., and Fox, W. T. 1973. Soil water and growth of rice and weeds. Weed Sci. 21:61–63.Google Scholar
28. Smith, R. J. Jr., and Frans, R. E. 1969. Herbicide management in rice and soybean rotations. Abstr. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. No. 21.Google Scholar
29. Smith, R. J. Jr., Flinchum, W. T., and Seaman, D. E., 1977. Weed control in U.S. rice production. U. S. Dep. Agric. Handb. 497. U. S. Gov. Printing Office, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
30. Smith, R. J. Jr. Khodayari, K., and Black, H. L. 1986. Integrated control and suppression of red rice in rice with molinate and mefluidide. Proc. Rice Tech. Working Group 21:72–73.Google Scholar
31. University of California. 1983. Integrated pest management for rice. Calif. Div. Agric. Sci., Berkeley, CA. Publ. 3280.Google Scholar
32. U. S. Department of Agriculture. 1982. The biologic and economic assessment of 2, 4, 5-T use in the production of rice in the United States. p. 217–268 in The Biologic and Economic Assessment of 2, 4, 5,-T. Tech. Bull. 1671. U. S. Gov. Printing Office, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
33. Zimdahl, R. L. 1980. Weed-Crop Competition: A Review. Int. Plant Prot. Cent., Oreg. State Univ., Corvallis, OR.Google Scholar