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A. and B. v. Azerbaijan, CAT/C/74/D/905/2018, 27 July 2022, 218, 220–221

A.B. and B.D. v. Poland, CCPR/C/135/D/3017/2017, 21 July 2022, 61, 220–221

A.B. v. Finland, CRC/C/86/D/51/2018, 4 February 2021, 218

A.B.H. v. Denmark, CCPR/C/126/D/2603/2015, 8 July 2019, 74

A.D.-N. v. Netherlands, CCPR/C/137/D/2894/2016, 22 March 2023, 85

A.E.A. v. Spain, CRC/C/87/D/115/2020, 31 May 2021, 186

A.F. v. Italy, CEDAW/C/82/D/148/2019, 20 June 2022, 256, 258–259

A.J.E. v. Sweden, CAT/C/71/D/874/2018, 22 July 2021, 308

A.M. v. Denmark, CEDAW/C/67/D/77/2014, 21 July 2017, 92

A.M. v. Switzerland, CAT/C/25/D/144/1999, 14 November 2000, 81

A.N.P. v. South Africa, CRPD/C/23/D/73/2019, 28 August 2020, 183–184

A.P. v. Finland, CAT/C/60/D/465/2011, 10 May 2017, 178

A.P. v. Russia, CCPR/C/107/D/1857/2008, 28 March 2013, 84, 87–88

A.S. et al. v. Italy, CCPR/C/130/D/3042/2017, 04 November 2020, 49

A.S. v. Australia, CCPR/C/132/D/2900/2016, 2 July 2021, 174

A.S. v. Denmark, CRC/C/82/D/36/2017, 26 September 2019, 185

A.S. v. Hungary, CEDAW/C/36/D/4/2004, 29 August 2006, 317

A.S. v. Malta, CCPR/C/128/D/3043/2017, 13 March 2020, 49

A.W.P. v. Denmark, CCPR/C/109/D/1879/2009, 1 November 2013, 71, 82

A.Y. v. Switzerland, CAT/C/74/D/887/2018, 22 July 2022, 220–221

Äärelä and Näkkäläjärvi v. Finland, CCPR/C/73/D/779/1997, 24 October 2001, 278

Abaida v. Libya, CEDAW/C/78/D/130/2018, 8 March 2017, 186

Abbas Haiji Al-Hassan v. Saudi Arabia, WGAD opinion 56/2019, 10 October 2019, 135, 142

Abdel Hakim Abdel Raouf Hassan Soliman v. Egypt, WGAD opinion 22/2010 (opposed), 133

Abdel Jalil Laaroussi v. Morocco, CAT/C/74/D/891/2018, 15 July 2022, 218, 220–221

Abdi-Osman v. Switzerland, CEDAW/C/76/D/122/2017, 6 July 2020, 92

Abdolkhani and Karimina v. Turkey, ECtHR, 30471/08, Judgment, 22 September 2009, 150

Abdulkarim v. Switzerland, CAT/C/62/D/710/2015, 6 November 2017, 183

Abdullah Ahmed Mohammed Ismail Alfakharany and others v. Egypt, WGAD opinion 7/2016, 14 June 135

Abdussamatov v. Kazakhstan, CAT/C/48/D/444/2010, 1 June 2012, 311

Aber v. Algeria, CCPR/C/90/D/1439/2005, 16 August 2007, 207–208

Acosta Martínez and Amaghnouge v. Spain, E/C.12/73/D/213/2021, 27 February 2023, 74, 89

Adan v. Denmark, CERD/C/77/D/43/2008, 13 August 2010, 108

Aden and Hassan v. Denmark, CCPR/C/126/D/2531/2015, 25 July 2019, 69

Adilur Rahman Khan v. Malaysia, WGAD opinion 67/2017, 7 December 2017, 135

Aemei and His Family v. Switzerland, CAT/C/18/D/34/1995, 9 May 1997, 84

Ahmadou Sadio Diallo (Republic of Guinea v. Democratic Republic of the Congo), ICJ, Judgment, 30 November 2010, 134

Ahmed Samir Santawy v. Egypt, WGAD opinion 83/2021, 28 January 2022, 135

Ahmed Souaiene and Aicha Souaiene v. Algeria, CCPR/C/128/D/3082/2017, 27 March 2020, 231

Aicha Habouchi v. Algeria, CCPR/C/128/D/2819/2016, 27 March 2020, 231

Akdivar et al. v. Turkey, ECtHR, 21893/93, Judgment, 16 September 1996, 224

Al Daquel and ors v. Libya, CCPR/C/111/D/1882/2009, 21 July 2014, 308

Al Khazmi v. Libya, CCPR/C/108/D/1832/2008, 18 July 2013, 308

Al-Ajili Muhammad Abdul Rahman al-Azhari and others v. Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, WGAD opinion 3/1992, 14 October 1991, 132

Alan v. Switzerland, CAT/C/16/D/21/1995, 8 May 1996, 91

Al-Asad v. Djibouti, ACmHPR, 383/10, Decision, May 2014, 78

Aleksandr Viktorovich Bialatski v. Belarus, WGAD opinion 39/2012, 23 November 2012, 138

Alexey Gorinov v. Russian Federation, WGAD opinion 78/2022, 20 March 2023, 135

Alger v. Australia, CCPR/C/120/D/2237/2013, 13 July 2017, 74, 81

Ali Ardalan and others v. Islamic Republic of Iran, WGAD opinion 1/1992, 14 October 1991, 131–132

Ali Askouri and Abdel-Hakeem Nasr v. Sudan, ACmHPR, 452/13, Admissibility, February 2016, 224

Ali v. Norway, CCPR/C/135/D/2926/2017, 14 July 2022, 172, 176

Aliyev v. Azerbaijan, ECtHR, 68762/14 and 71200/14, Judgment, 20 September 2018, 150

Almegaryaf and Matar v. Libya, CCPR/C/110/D/2006/2010, 29 April 2014, 209, 308

Al-Nashiri v. Poland, ECtHR, 28761/11, Judgment, 24 July 2014, 308

al-Sayed and Mangisto v. Palestine, CRPD/C/28/D/67/2019, 80

Alzery v. Sweden, CCPR/C/88/D/1416/2005, 25 October 2006, 303

Ammar al Baluchi v. United States of America, WGAD opinion No. 89/2017, 24 January 2018, 139

Amnesty International et al. v. Sudan, ACmHPR, 48/90, 50/91, 52/91 and 89/93, 15 November 1999, 224

Angela González Carreño v. Spain, CEDAW/C/58/D/47/2012, 16 July 2014, 254–255, 260–264

Anne Nuorgam et al. v. Finland, CERD/C/106/D/59/2016, 22 April 2022, 271

Arash Sadeghi v. Islamic Republic of Iran, WGAD opinion 19/2018, 24 May 2018, 136

Arellano Medina v. Ecuador, E/C.12/63/D/7/2015, 26 March 2018, 169

Assem Kakoun v. Lebanon, WGAD opinion 17/2008 (opposed), 9 September 2008, 133

Atachahua v. Peru, CCPR/C/56/D/540/1993, 16 April 1996, 205

Ataykaya v. Turkey, ECtHR, 50275/08, Judgment, 22 July 2014, 309

Ayub Ali Khan and Azmath Jaweed v. United States of America, WGAD opinion 21/2002, 3 December 2002, 148

B.M. v. Switzerland, CEDAW/C/83/D/132/2018, 17 October 2022, 74

B.M.S. v. Australia, CERD/C/54/D/8/1996, 12 March 1999, 107

B.N. and S.R v. Burundi, CAT/C/71/D/858/2018, 19 July 2021, 55

B.R. v. Italy, CAT/C/57/D/598/2014, 29 April 2016, 84

Bakri Mohammed Abdul Latif and others v. Egypt, WGAD opinion 28/2018, 30 May 2018, 142

Barbaro v. Australia, CERD/C/51/D/7/1995, 14 August 1997, 73

Barry v. Morocco, CAT/C/52/D/372/2009, 19 May 2014, 53, 55–56

Baydildayeva v. Kazakhstan, CCPR/C/137/D/2545/2015, 10 March 2023, 80

Befekadu Hailu and others v. Ethiopia, WGAD opinion 10/2016, 14 June 2016, 136

Benon Pjetri v. Switzerland, CERD/C/91/D/53/2013, 5 December 201 110

Bleier v. Uruguay, CCPR/C/15/D/30/1978, 29 March 1982, 198–199, 206, 308

Breleur v. France, CERD/C/107/D/66/2018, 30 August 2022, 104, 110, 122

Briggs (Trinidad and Tobago), IACHR, Report No. 44/99, 15 April 1999, 310

Burdyko v. Belarus, CCPR/C/114/D/2017/2010, 25 September 2015, 204

Cacho Ribeiro v. Mexico, CCPR/C/123/D/2767/2016, 17 July 2018, 179

Campos v. Peru, CCPR/C/61/D/577/1994, 6 November 1997, 207

Can Thi Theu v. Viet Nam, WGAD opinion 79/2017, 12 December 2017, 135

Canese v. Paraguay, IACtHR, 12,032, Merits, 31 August 2004, 310

Carranza v. Peru, CCPR/C/85/D/1126/2002, 28 October 2005, 205, 207

Case Concerning Pulp Mills on the River Uruguay (Argentina v. Uruguay), ICJ, 20 April 2010, 307

Chayapha Chokepornbudsri v. Thailand, WGAD opinion 3/2018, 9 July 2018, 138

Cînta v. Romania, ECtHR, 3891/19, Judgment, 18 June 2020, 310

Colonel Bertrand Mamour v. Central African Republic WGAD opinion 15/2007, 13 September 2007, 131

D.C. v. Germany, CRC/C/83/D/60/2018, 4 February 2020, 172–173

D.D. v. Spain, CRC/C/80/D/4/2016, 01 February 2019, 54, 56, 62, 90, 308

D.H. and Others v. Czech Republic, ECtHR, 57325/00, Judgment, 13 November 2007, 119, 310

D.K.N. v. Spain, CRC/C/80/D/15/2017, 1 February 2019, 84

D.M. v. Switzerland, CAT/C/74/D/880/2018, 22 July 2022, 220–221

D.R. v. Australia, CERD/C/75/D/42/2008, 14 August 2009, 104

D.R. v. Australia, CPRD/C/17/D/14/2013, 24 March 2017, 174

D.S. v. Australia, CAT/C/73/D/941/2019, 22 April 2022, 220–221

Dawas and Shava v. Denmark, CERD/C/80/D/46/2009, 6 March 2012, 102, 111–113, 116–118, 124

de Netto v. Uruguay, CCPR/C/9/D/8/1977, 3 April 1980, 202

Desmond Williams v. Jamaica, CCPR/C/59/D/561/1993, 8 April 1997, 310

Dhakal, Dhakal and Dhakal v. Nepal, CCPR/C/119/D/2185/2012, 17 March 2017, 210, 212

Diane Shima Rwigara and Adeline Rwigara v. Rwanda, WGAD opinion 24/2019, 2 May 2019, 150

Đinh Thị Thu Thuỷ v. Viet Nam, WGAD opinion 82/2021, 9 September 2022, 138

Djegdjigua Cherguit v. Algeria, CCPR/C/128/D/2828/2016, 27 March 2020, 231

Do Nam Trung v. Viet Nam, WGAD opinion 86/2022, 18 November 2022, 150

Dorzema et al. v. Dominican Republic, IACtHR, 12,688, Merits, 24 October 2012, 310

Doumbe Nnabuchi v. Spain, ECtHR, 19420/15, Inadmissibility Decision, 1 June 2021, 35

Dr. Pamela Mary Enderby v. Frenchay Health Authority and Secretary of State for Health, CJEU, C-127/92, 27 October 1993, 119

Dragan Dimitrijevic v. Serbia and Montenegro, CAT/C/33/D/207/2002, 24 November 2004, 55

Durmic v. Serbia and Montenegro, CERD/C/68/D/29/2003, 6 March 2006, 107, 110

E.I.G.R. v. Spain, CCPR/C/130/D/3639/2019, 6 November 2020, 182

E.T.B. v. Denmark, CAT/C/28/D/146/1999, 30 April 2002, 91

E.W. v. Denmark, CEDAW/C/66/D/54/2013, 28 February 2017, 84

Edmonton Journal v. Alberta (Attorney General) [1989] 2 SCR 1326, 170

Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights and Interights v. Egypt, ACHPR, Comm. No. 334/06 (2011), 308

Er v. Denmark, CERD/C/71/D/40/2007, 8 August 2007, 108, 110

Eshonov v. Uzbekistan, CCPR/C/99/D/1225/2003, 18 August 2010, 199

Eskinder Nega v. Ethiopia, WGAD opinion 62/2012, 9 August 2013, 138

F. and G. v. Denmark, CCPR/C/119/D/2530/2015, 16 March 2017, 91, 305

F.B. et al. v. France, CRC/C/86/D/R.77/2019, 4 February 2021, 92

F.K.A.G. et al. v. Australia, CCPR/C/108/D/2094/2011, 26 July 2013, 90, 172

F.O.F. v. Brazil, CRPD/C/23/D/40/2017, 2 September 2020, 182

Fady v. Greece (HRC), pending, 34

First Cyprus Case, Greece v. UK, ECmHR, 176/1956, 2 June 1956, 224

Flamer-Caldera v. Sri Lanka, CEDAW/C/81/D/134/2018, 21 February 2022, 178

Free Legal Assistance Group et al. v. Zaire, ACmHPR, 25/89, 47/90, 56/91 and 100/93, October 1995, 224

G.A.P. v. Romania, CCPR/C/137/D/3662/2019, 23 March 2023, 81, 87

G.I. v. Denmark, CAT/C/61/D/625/2014, 10 August 2017, 81

Gabaroum v. France, CERD/C/89/D/52/2012, 10 May 2016, 109, 122

Gelle v. Denmark, CERD/C/68/D/34/2004, 6 March 2006, 108

George Nyakpo v. Ghana, WGAD opinion 47/2022, 31 January 2023, 135

Gihana and Others v. Rwanda, ACtHPR, 017/2015, 28 November 2019, 309

Giménez (Argentina), IACHR, Report No. 12/96, 1 March 1996, 310

Goekce v. Austria, CEDAW/C/39/D/5/2005, 6 August 2007, 87, 252–253

Gokarakonda Naga Saibaba v. India, WGAD opinion 21/2021, 17 June 2021, 135

Gomaríz Valera v. Spain, CCPR/C/84/D/1095/2002, 22 July 2005, 172

Goodluck Mhango and others v. Malawi, WGAD opinion 4/1992, 14 October 1991, 132

H.D. v. Denmark, CEDAW/C/70/D/76/2014, 9 July 2018, 89

H.J.H. v. Netherlands, CCPR/C/43/D/448/1991, 7 November 1991, 74

H.S. v. Australia, CCPR/C/113/D/2015/2010, 30 March 2015, 71

H.S.V. v. Sweden, CAT/C/32/D/229/2003, 12 May 2004, 81

Habassi v. Denmark, CERD/C/54/D/10/1997, 17 March 1999, 104, 108

Hagan v. Australia, CERD/C/62/D/26/2002, 20 March 2003, 110, 113–114

Hamid Soudad (WGAD), Avis 4/2023, 10 May 2023, 141–142

Han and Young-joo Lee v. Republic of Korea, WGAD opinion 22/2017, 30 May 2017, 136

Handels- og Kontorfunktionrerernes Forbund I Denmark v. Dansk Arhejdsgiverforening, acting on behalf of Danfoss, CJEU, C-109/88, 17 October 1989, 119

Haregewoin Gabre-Selassie and IHRDA v. Ethiopia, ACmHPR, 301/05, 7 November 2011, 224

Haytham Fawzy Mohamden v. Egypt, WGAD opinion 53/2022, 5 October 2022, 138

Hidalgo Rea v. Mexico, CCPR/C/131/D/3259/2018, 25 March 2021, 308

Hilal Mammadov v. Azerbaijan, ECtHR, 81553/12, Judgment, 4 February 2016, 150

Hoogendijk v. Netherlands, ECtHR, 58641/00, Judgment, 6 January 2005, 310

I.D.G. v. Spain, E/C.12/55/D/2/2014, 17 June 2015, 74

Ibrahimov and Mammadov v. Azerbaijan, ECtHR, 63571/16, 74143/16, 2883/17, 2890/17, 39527/17 and 39541/17, Judgment, 13 February 2020, 150

Ilnseher v. Germany, ECtHR, 10211/12 and 27505/14, Judgment, 4 December 2018, 150

IM v. Slovenia and Croatia (HRC 4574/2024 and 4573/2024), pending, 34, 65

Isatou Jallow v. Bulgaria, CEDAW/C/52/D/32/2011, 23 July 2012, 251

Iskandarov v. Tajikstan, CCPR/C/101/D/1499/2006, 30 March 2011, 204

Issam Mohamed Tahar Al Barqaoui Al Uteibi v. Jordan, WGAD opinion 18/2007, 22 November 2007, 136

J.A.B.S. v. Costa Rica, CRC/C/74/D/5/2016, 17 January 2017, 85

J.B. v. Canada, CAT/C/D/529/2012, 10 August 2016, 182

J.H. v. Canada, CCPR/C/24/D/187/1985, 12 April 1985, 72

J.H.A. v. Spain, CAT 323/207, 11 November 2008, 50

J.I. v. Finland, CEDAW/C/69/D/103/2016, 5 March 2018, 250, 256–257, 259

J.I. v. France, CCPR/C/117/D/2154/2012, 4 July 2016, 169

J.K. v. Canada, CAT/C/56/D/562/2013, 23 November 2015, 91

J.L.L. v. Switzerland, CAT/C/48/D/364/2008, 18 May 2012, 84

J.S. v. Canada, CAT/C/62/D/695/2015 28 November 2017, 182

J.S. v. Netherlands, CCPR/C/137/D/3210/2018, 22 March 2023, 87

J.S. v. UK, CEDAW/C/53/D/38/2012, 12 October 2012, 182

Jagtar Singh Johal v. India, WGAD opinion 80/2021, 4 May 2022, 138

Jallow v. Denmark, CERD/C/108/D/62/2018, 69, 74, 110

Jama v. Denmark, CERD/C/75/D/41/2008, 21 August 2009, 108

Jewish Community of Oslo et al. v. Norway, CERD/C/67/D/30/2003, 15 August 2015, 108

Jonassen et al. v. Norway, CCPR/C/76/D/942/2000, 25 October 2022, 278

José de la Paz Ferman Cruz and Aren Boyazhyan v. Mexico, WGAD opinion 54/2019, 18 February 2020, 135

Juan Enrique García Cruz and Ramón Obregón Sarduy v. Cuba, WGAD opinion 10/1992 (opposed), 14 October 1991, 133

Julian Assange v. Sweden and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, WGAD opinion 54/2015, 6 April 2016, 142

K.Y.M. v. Denmark, CRC/C/77/D/3/2016, 25 January 2018, 74, 81

Kashtanova and Slukina v. Uzbekistan, CCPR/C/118/D/2106/2011, 28 October 2016, 205

Katwal v. Nepal, CCPR/C/113/D/2000/2010, 1 April 2015, 306

Kavala v. Turkey, ECtHR, 28749/18, Judgment, 10 December 2019, 150

Kavanagh v. Ireland, CCRP/C/71/819/1998, 4 April 2001, 93

Kell v. Canada, CEDAW/C/51/D/19/2008, 28 February 2012, 182

Khadzhiyev v. Turkmenistan, CCPR/C/122/D/2252/2013, 24 May 2018, 199

Khakdar v. Russian Federation, CCPR/C/112/D/2126/2011, 17 October 2014, 179

Khomidova v. Tajikistan, CCPR/C/81/D/1117/2002, 25 August 2004, 203

Khoroshenko v. Russian Federation, CCPR/C/101/D/1304/2004, 29 March 2011, 199

Kim v. Uzbekistan, CCPR/C/122/D/2175/2012, 4 April 2018, 80

Kimouche v. Algeria, CCPR/C/90/D/1328/2004, 10 July 2007, 40

Kitok v. Sweden, CCPR/C/33/D/197/1985, 27 July 1988, 278

Klemetti Näkkäläjärvi et al. v. Finland, CCPR/C/124/D/2950/2017, 2 November 2018, 26, 269, 277–278, 280, 282, 285–286, 288, 292

Koptova v. Slovakia, CERD/C/57/D/13/1998, 8 August 2000, 108

Kotor v. France, CERD/C/105/D/65/2018, 25 November 2021, 104

L.G. v. Korea, CERD/C/86/D/51/2012, 1 May 2015, 105, 108

L.O. et al. v. Switzerland, CEDAW/C/76/D/124/2018, 6 July 2020, 81

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L.R. v. Republic of Moldova, CEDAW/C/66/D/58/2013, 28 February 2017, 255–256

Lamey et al. (Jamaica), IACHR, Report No. 49/01, 4 April 2001, 310

Lansman (Ilmari) et al. v. Finland, CCPR/C/52/D/511/1992, 26 October 1994, 278

Länsman (Jouni) et al. (2) v. Finland, CCPR/C/83/D/1023/2001, 278

Länsman (Jouni) et al. v. Finland, CCPR/C/58/D/671/1995, 30 October 1996, 278

Lars-Anders Ågren et al. v. Sweden, CERD/C/102/D/54/2013, 18 November 2020, 110

Latsami Khamphoui and others v. Lao People’s Democratic Republic, WGAD opinion 2/1992, 14 October 1991, 132

Lauren Henley v. Australia, CRPD/C/27/D/56/2018, 26 August 2022, 218

Le Huu Minh Tuan v. Viet Nam, WGAD opinion 11/2021, 7 June 2021, 138

Leo v. Australia, CRPD/C/22/D/17/2013, 30 October 2019, 169

Lockrey v. Australia, CRPD/C/15/D/13/2013, 1 April 2016, 174

Loor Chila v. Spain, E/C.12/70/D/102/2019, 12 October 2021, 69, 87, 89

Ludovic N. v. Spain (CAT), pending, 34

M.A. v. Switzerland, CEDAW/C/80/D/145/2019, 1 November 2021, 160

M.A.M.N. v. UK, CEDAW/C/76/D/141/2019, 6 July 2020, 182

M.B. v Czech Republic, CCPR/C/106/D/1849/2008, 29 October 2012, 172

M.C. v. Denmark, CEDAW/C/62/D/56/2013, 81

M.G. v. Switzerland, CAT/C/65/D/811/2017, 7 December 2018, 183

M.H. and others v. Croatia, ECtHR, 15670/18 and 43115/18, Judgment, 18 November 2021, 35

M.S. v. Philippines, CEDAW/C/58/D/30/2011, 16 July 2014, 84

Maharjan v. Nepal, CCPR/C/105/D/1863/2009, 19 July 2012, 179

Malawi African Association et al. v. Mauritania, ACmHPR, 54/91, 11 May 2000, 224

Malika Bendjael et al. v. Algeria, CCPR/C/128/D/2893/2016, 27 March 2020, 231

Marafa Hamidou Yaya v. Cameroon, WGAD opinion 22/2016, 1 July 2016, 149

Maria de Lourds da Silva Pimentel v. Brazil, CEDAW/C/49/D/17/2008, 25 July 2011, 219

Martinie v. France, ECtHR, 58675/00, Judgment, 12 April 2006, 200

Matson v. Canada, CEDAW/C/81/D/68/2014, 14 February 2022, 168, 175–176, 184, 220

Maya v. Nepal, CCPR/C/119/D/2245/2013, 17 March 2017, 176, 191–192, 200, 210–211

Mehmet Ali Öztürk v. United Arab Emirates, WGAD opinion 51/2021, 8 February 2022, 137

Mi Sook Kang and Ho Seok Kim v. Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and China, WGAD opinion 81/2017, 26 December 2017, 136

Michelot Yogogombaye v. Senegal, ACtHPR, 001/2008, Judgment, 15 December 2009, 78

Mohammadi v. Austria, ECtHR, 71932/12, Judgment, 3 July 2014, 150

Mohammdi Bandboni et al. v. Switzerland, CEDAW/C/85/D/173/2021, 15 May 2023, 313

Morael v. France, CCPR/C/OP/3, 10 July 1987, 69

Morales Zegarra et al. (Peru), IACHR, Report No. 57/99, 13 April 1999, 308

Moylan v. Australia, CERD/C/83/D/47/2010, 27 August 2013, 174, 182

Muhammad Ismail v. Pakistan, WGAD opinion 37/2021, 1 October 2021, 138

Mukong v. Cameroon, CCPR/C/51/D/458/1991, 10 August 1994, 203, 206

Müller and Engelhard v. Namibia, CCPR/C/74/D/919/2000, 26 March 2002, 93

Musallam Mohamed Hamad alBarrak v. Kuwait, WGAD opinion 20/2017, 18 July 2017, 136

N.B. and M.W.J. v. UK, CRPD/C/22/D/43/2017, 6 September 2019, 184

N.B. v. Georgia, CRC/C/90/D/84/2019, 1 June 2022, 171

N.E. v. Denmark, CCPR/C/133/D/3325/2019, 27 October 2021, 185

N.P. v. Australia, CAT/C/22/D/106/1998, 6 May 1999, 86

N.U. v. Finland, CAT /C/76/D/1044/2020, 21 April 2023, 87

Naji Fateel v. Bahrain, WGAD opinion No. 65/2022, 16 March 2023, 135

Nakawunde v. Canada, CAT/C/64/D/615/2014 3 August 2018, 180

Nasir v. Australia, CCPR/C/116/D/2229/2012, 29 March 2016, 174

Nasrin Sotoudeh v. Islamic Republic of Iran, WGAD opinion 21/2011, 6 May 2011, 135, 138

Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe v. Islamic Republic of Iran, WGAD opinion 28/2016, 7 September 2016, 135, 142

Nazarov v. Turkmenistan, CCPR/C/126/D/2302/2013, 25 July 2019, 83, 86

Nguyen Ngoc Anh v. Viet Nam, WGAD opinion 43/2022, 10 November 2022, 138

Nguyen Van Dai v. Viet Nam, WGAD opinion 26/2017, 8 June 2017, 136

Nguza Viking (Babu Seya) and Johnson Nguza (Papi Kocha) v. Tanzania, AfCHPR, 006/2015, 23 March 2018, 308

Noble v. Australia, CRPD/C/16/D/7/2012, 2 September 2016, 174

Nyaya v. Nepal, CCPR/C/125/D/2556/2015, 18 March 2019, 181, 200, 211

O.G. v. Russian Federation, CEDAW/C/68/D/91/2015, 6 November 2017, 251

O.N. and D.P. v. Russian Federation, CEDAW/C/75/D/119/2017, 24 February 2020, 251

Onyachi and Anor v. Tanzania, AfCHPR, 003/2015, 28 September 2017, 308

Open Society Justice Initiative (on behalf of Noumeni) v. Cameroon, ACHPR, 290/04 (2019), 310

Opuz v. Turkey, ECtHR, 33401/02, Judgment, 9 June 2009, 250

Organisation Mondiale Contre la Torture and others v. Rwanda, ACmHPR, 27/89, 46/91, 49/91 and 99/93, 31 October 1996, 224

Ova A.S. v. Slovakia, ECtHR, 72493/10, Judgment, 9 June 2015, 200

P.E.E.P. v. Estonia, CCPR/C/128/D/2682/2015, 13 March 2020, 174

P.S.B. v. Canada, CAT/C/55/D/505/2012, 18 August 2015, 74

P.T. v. Denmark, CCPR/C/113/D/2272/2013, 1 April 2015, 74

Paadar v. Finland, CCPR/C/110/D/2102/2011, 26 March 2014, 278

Palestine v. Israel, ICERD-ISC 2018/3, 23 April 2018, 106

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