Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 September 2009
Popular music is objectively untrue and helps to maim the consciousness of those exposed to it.
(Adorno 1976:37–8)Because it is so crudely simple, however, the standardization of that music should be interpreted not so much intramusically as sociologically. It aims at standardized reactions, and its success – notably its adherents' fierce aversion to anything different – proves that it has gained its end. It is not only the interested parties, the producers and distributors of pop music, who manipulate the way it will be heard; it is the music itself, so to speak, its immanent character. It sets up a system of conditioned reflexes in its victim, and the crux is not even the antithesis of primitivity and differentiation. Simplicity in itself is neither an asset nor a shortcoming. But in all music that deserves the name of art, every detail, even the simplest, would be itself; none would be arbitrarily interchangeable …
(Adorno 1976:29)When Adorno speaks about music's link to ‘standardized reactions’, as he puts it, and suggests that music ‘sets up a system of conditioned reflexes in its victim’, he is talking about what, for him, is the ‘wrong’ kind of music – popular music writ large and also all those ‘classical’ composers and works (Rachmaninov, Tchaikovsky, Stravinsky – the list could easily be expanded) of whom he disapproves. In his view, these forms of music inculcate conformism; they are nothing less than a mechanism of social control.
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