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Comparison of turbulent boundary layers over smooth and rough surfaces up to high Reynolds numbers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 April 2016

D. T. Squire ,
C. Morrill-Winter ,
N. Hutchins ,
M. P. Schultz ,
J. C. Klewicki  and
I. Marusic
D. T. Squire*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
C. Morrill-Winter
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
N. Hutchins
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
M. P. Schultz
Affiliation:
Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, US Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD 21402, USA
J. C. Klewicki
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia Mechanical Engineering Department, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
I. Marusic
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
*
†Email address for correspondence: squired@unimelb.edu.au
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Abstract

Turbulent boundary layer measurements above a smooth wall and sandpaper roughness are presented across a wide range of friction Reynolds numbers, ${\it\delta}_{99}^{+}$ , and equivalent sand grain roughness Reynolds numbers, $k_{s}^{+}$ (smooth wall: $2020\leqslant {\it\delta}_{99}^{+}\leqslant 21\,430$ , rough wall: $2890\leqslant {\it\delta}_{99}^{+}\leqslant 29\,900$ ; $22\leqslant k_{s}^{+}\leqslant 155$ ; and $28\leqslant {\it\delta}_{99}^{+}/k_{s}^{+}\leqslant 199$ ). For the rough-wall measurements, the mean wall shear stress is determined using a floating element drag balance. All smooth- and rough-wall data exhibit, over an inertial sublayer, regions of logarithmic dependence in the mean velocity and streamwise velocity variance. These logarithmic slopes are apparently the same between smooth and rough walls, indicating similar dynamics are present in this region. The streamwise mean velocity defect and skewness profiles each show convincing collapse in the outer region of the flow, suggesting that Townsend’s (The Structure of Turbulent Shear Flow, vol. 1, 1956, Cambridge University Press.) wall-similarity hypothesis is a good approximation for these statistics even at these finite friction Reynolds numbers. Outer-layer collapse is also observed in the rough-wall streamwise velocity variance, but only for flows with ${\it\delta}_{99}^{+}\gtrsim 14\,000$ . At Reynolds numbers lower than this, profile invariance is only apparent when the flow is fully rough. In transitionally rough flows at low ${\it\delta}_{99}^{+}$ , the outer region of the inner-normalised streamwise velocity variance indicates a dependence on $k_{s}^{+}$ for the present rough surface.

JFM classification

Turbulent Flows: Turbulent boundary layers Turbulent Flows: Turbulent Flows

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Papers
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Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 795 , 25 May 2016 , pp. 210 - 240
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© 2016 Cambridge University Press 

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