Hostname: page-component-77f85d65b8-7lfxl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-04-18T07:42:20.336Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

24 GHz low-power switch-channel CMOS transceiver for wireless localization

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 September 2014

Tao Zhang ,
Amin Hamidian ,
Ran Shu  and
Viswanathan Subramanian
Tao Zhang*
Affiliation:
Microwave Engineering Laboratory, TU Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany. Phone: +49 2842 981 480 IMST GmbH, Carl-Friedrich-Gauss-Str. 2-4, 47475 Kamp-Lintfort, Germany
Amin Hamidian
Affiliation:
Microwave Engineering Laboratory, TU Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany. Phone: +49 2842 981 480
Ran Shu
Affiliation:
Microwave Engineering Laboratory, TU Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany. Phone: +49 2842 981 480
Viswanathan Subramanian
Affiliation:
Microwave Engineering Laboratory, TU Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany. Phone: +49 2842 981 480
*
Corresponding author: Tao Zhang Email: tao.zhang.electronics@gmail.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A 24 GHz low-power transceiver is designed, fabricated, and characterized using 130 nm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. The designed transceiver is targeted for frequency-modulated-continuous-wave (FMCW) wireless local positioning. The transceiver includes four switchable receiving channels, one transmitting channel and local-oscillator generation circuitries. Several power-saving techniques are implemented, such as switch channel and adaptive mixer biasing. The design aspects of the low-power circuit blocks and integration considerations are presented in details. The integrated transceiver has a chip area of only 2.2 mm × 1.7 mm. In transmitting mode the transceiver achieves an output power of 4 dBm and phase noise of −90 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz, while consuming 75 mW power consumption under 1.5 V power supply. In switch-channel receiving mode the transceiver demonstrates 31 dB gain and 6 dB noise figure with 65 mW power consumption. The transceiver measurements compare well with the simulated results and achieve state-of-the-art performance with very low-power consumption.

Keywords

K-bandWireless localizationUltra-low powerMulti-channel transceiverSecondary radar

Information

Type
Research Paper
Information
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies , Volume 7 , Issue 6 , December 2015 , pp. 615 - 622
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and the European Microwave Association 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

REFERENCES

[1]Forstner, H.; Knapp, H.: A 77 GHz 4-channel automotive radar transceiver in SiGe, in Proc. RFIC, 2008, 233–236.Google Scholar
[2]Feger, R.; Wagner, C.; Schuster, S.; Jager, H.; Stelzer, A.: A 77-GHz FMCW MIMO radar based on a SiGe single-chip transceiver. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 57 (5) (2009), 1020–1035.Google Scholar
[3]Pohl, N.; Jaeschke, T.; Aufinger, K.: An ultra-wideband 80 GHz FMCW radar system using a SiGe bipolar transceiver chip stabilized by a fractional-N PLL synthesizer. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 60 (3) (2012), 757–765.Google Scholar
[4]Jain, V.; Tzeng, F.; Zhou, L.; Heydari, P.: A single-chip dual-band 22–29 GHz/77–81 GHz BiCMOS transceiver for automotive radars. IEEE J. Solid State Circuits, 44 (12) (2009), 3469–3485.Google Scholar
[5]Saunders, D. et al. : A single-chip 24 GHz SiGe BiCMOS transceiver for FMCW automotive radars, in Proc. RFIC, 2009, 459–462.Google Scholar
[6]Issakov, V. et al. : A compact low-power 24 GHz transceiver for radar applications in 0.13 µm CMOS, COMCAS, 2009, 1–5.Google Scholar
[7]Mitomo, T.; Ono, N.; Hoshino, H.; Yoshihara, Y.; Watanabe, O.; Seto, I.: A 77 GHz 90 nm CMOS transceiver for FMCW radar applications. IEEE J. Solid State Circuits, 45 (4) (2010), 928–937.Google Scholar
[8]Li, Y.; Hung, M.; Huang, S.; Lee, J.: A fully integrated 77 GHz FMCW radar system in 65 nm CMOS. IEEE ISSCC, (2010), 216–217.Google Scholar
[9]Guan, X.; Hajimiri, A.: A 24-GHz CMOS front-end. IEEE J. Solid State Circuits, 39 (2) (2004), 368–373.Google Scholar
[10]Kodkani, R.; Larson, L.: A 24-GHz CMOS passive subharmonic mixer/downconverter for zero-IF applications. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 56 (5) (2008), 1247–1256.Google Scholar
[11]Chen, Y.; Hsieh, H.; Lu, L.: A 24-GHz receiver frontend with an LO signal generator in 0.18-μm CMOS. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 56 (5) (2008), 1043–1051.Google Scholar
[12]Mazzanti, A.; Sosio, M.; Repossi, M.; Svelto, F.: A 24 GHz subharmonic direct conversion receiver in 65 nm CMOS. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. – I., 58 (1) (2011), 88–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[13]Krishnaswamy, H.; Hashemi, H.: A variable-phase ring oscillator and PLL architecture for integrated phased array transceivers. IEEE J. Solid State Circuits, 43 (11) (2008), 2446–2463.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[14]Vossiek, M.; Wiebking, L.; Gulden, P.; Wieghardt, J.; Hoffmann, C.; Heide, P.: Wireless local positioning. Microw. Mag. 4 (4) (2003), 77–86.Google Scholar
[15]Roehr, S.; Gulden, P.; Vossiek, M.: Precise distance and velocity measurement for real time locating in multipath environments using a frequency-modulated continuous-wave secondary radar approach. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 56 (10) (2008), 2329–2339.Google Scholar
[16]Lee, M.; Kim, Y.: Design and performance of a 24-GHz switch-antenna array FMCW radar system for automotive applications. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., 59 (5) (2010), 2290–2297.Google Scholar
[17]Subramanian, V.; Jamal Deen, M.; Boeck, G.: Systematic design and development procedures for a successful CMOS LNA implementation, in Asia Pacific Microwave Conf., 2008, D3-06.Google Scholar
[18]Shu, R.; Subramanian, V.; Boeck, G.: Millimeter-wave static frequency divider in 0.13-μm CMOS technology, in NEWCAS Conf., 2011.Google Scholar
[19]Hamidian, A.; Ebelt, R.; Shmakov, D.; Vossiek, M.; Tao Zhang, ; Subramanian, V.; Boeck, G.: 24 GHz CMOS transceiver with novel T/R switching concept for indoor localization, in IEEE RFIC Symp., 2013, 293–296.Google Scholar
[20]Subramanian, V.; Zhang, T.; Boeck, G.: Low noise 24 GHz CMOS receiver for FMCW based wireless local positioning”. IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett., 21 (10) (2011), 553–555.Google Scholar
[21]Hamidian, A.; Subramanian, V.; Ran, S.; Malignaggi, A.; Boeck, G.: Coplanar transmission lines on Silicon substrates for the mm-wave applications, MIKON, 2012, 21–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar