The idea that Canada is experiencing a "post-constitutional" era is misleading because it is based only on lack of changes to the formal codified constitution. Through an examination of international economic agreements, considered as untraditional mechanisms having a constitutional effect, a case is made that Canada's constitution has undergone significant, but little noticed, change over the last decade. Using Stephen Krasner's typology of sovereignty, it is shown that several aspects of Canada's sovereignty have been diminished. The effect is that the balance between liberalism and democracy in Canada's liberal democratic polity has been altered, to the detriment of the democratic component.

Federalism has remained a contested concept. The constitutional certainties of the modern federal state are under attack from confederal practices of negotiated agreement. Such practices have their traditional roots in the political theories of Althusius and Montesquieu. The central argument of this article is that the American Federalists broke with that older tradition and deliberately misinterpreted Montesquieu along the way. Consequently, the predominant reading of federalism emphasizes federal supremacy over the idea of a social compact among equal partners, territorial representation dominates over the recognition of social community, and the allocation of divided powers is guided by national prerogatives rather than regionally differentiated policy needs. Recent trends towards a more collaborative form of federalism indicate that the old model of constitutional federalism may be replaced by new practices of treaty federalism.

William Livingston's idea of "federal society" is one of the leading sociological approaches to federalism. This article applies Livingston's approach in the opposite direction. It is argued that the unitary German societal structure, or the "non-federal" German society, has exerted centralist pressures on the federal system. In particular, the article examines the changes within the policy area of education. Despite explicit constitutional clauses that place education under the exclusive jurisdiction of the German Länder, an all-German educational policy has emerged. A process that started with harmonization and standardization has eventually led to the "nationalization" of education. This has largely come about through public demands for a Germany-wide public policy. Empirical research shows that political actors have differed over the contents of educational policy but have shared an all-German frame of reference.

Policing, a subject little studied by North American political scientists, has considerable relevance to newly democratizing countries, particularly those emerging from communist rule. Taking the case of Ukraine, the article examines what measures have been adopted to transform that country's Soviet pattern of authoritarian policing into something resembling that of established European liberal democracies. The balance sheet shows few signs of positive change. Instead, thanks to President Leonid Kuchma's leadership, the politicization and corruption of the police is now more blatant than ever. A new form of police state, not seen in the nineteenth or twentieth centuries, threatens the rule of law and democracy along with it.

This article formulates a model of alliance persistence and evolution to account for two aspects of behaviour that are largely neglected by traditional alliance theory. It argues that states that encounter common threats to military and nonmilitary interests (like political and economic stability) are likely to institutionalize their military pacts. This process raises material and normative obstacles to exiting the alliance, even as the performance of the alliance falters or the strategic context undergoes fundamental changes. The article tests several of the model's hypotheses by engaging in a comparative analysis of two Cold War alliance systems: the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization.

Many multilateral efforts have unfolded since the 1990s with the objective of discussing the improvement of migration regulations. Can these efforts be conceived as the sign that the sovereignty of the nation-state is eroding? The fact that states remain in control of many dimensions of migration policies invites a cautionary answer. An alternative interpretation consists in comprehending these efforts as conditioning a new world migration order. The article presents these efforts in order to discuss their underlying economic and political priorities, as well as the power relations involved. Some of the most important consequences of this transformation are then discussed.

Political parties in Canada oscillate between periods of inter-election quiescence and active electoral year mobilization. This article moves beyond vote share accounts of party system change by using the financial accounts of local associations and central party organizations to track these patterns in the New Brunswick party system. The analysis covers several electoral cycles encompassing government turnover and the rise of a flash party. Ecological models rooted in electoral district-level data (including measures of party activity based on their annual financial records, census data describing the electoral districts and conventional aggregate electoral data) are developed to provide a more nuanced account of a party and party system change than those based on simple election results. The findings demonstrate that even in a period of remarkable electoral flux, party activity and success appears to be rooted in diverse constituency social and political contexts.

Decades after Gad Horowitz's seminal article first appeared in 1966 in the Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science, fragment theory's capacity to make sense of phenomena for which it might otherwise be difficult to account, still appears relevant. Support for the Reform party/Canadian Alliance is most robust in provinces marked by immigration from the western United States. By contrast, provinces where United Empire Loyalists settled have proven most resistant to incursions by Reform. Using fragment theory to formulate a possible hypothesis to explain this puzzle has two incidental benefits. It probes the failure of new federal parties to emerge from Maritime Canada, and it allows speculation about the simultaneous demise of the Conservative and New Democratic parties.

This article examines the lessons "learned" and the legacies inherent in the downfall of authoritarian communism in central and eastern Europe in view of post-communism's first decade. It is argued that the events of 1989-1991 were revolutionary in dramatically and unexpectedly establishing new regimes and ushering in simultaneous and multilateral (political, economic, social, national) change. Furthermore, 1989-1991 represents a rejection of "grand narrative" large-scale social experimentation in political arrangements in favour of hybridism and incrementalism. Ten key maxims are introduced as a means of analyzing this historical rupture and understanding the variety of experiences across the region.

HOBERG, GEORGE, sous la direction de. La capacité de choisir : Le Canada dans unenouvelle Amérique du Nord. Par Denis Michaud 441

LACOMBE, SYLVIE. La rencontre de deux peuples élus : comparaison des ambitionsnationale et impériale au Canada entre 1896 et 1920. Par François Charbonneau442

MCBRIDE, STEPHEN. Paradigm Shift: Globalization and the Canadian State. By DennisPilon 445

MCANDREW, MARIE. L'immigration et diversité à l'école. Le débat québécois dans uneperspective comparative. Par Phyllis Dalley 447

HOWLETT, MICHAEL, ed. Canadian Forest Policy: Adapting to Change. By Wyn Grant448

ADAMS, DUANE, ed. Federalism, Democracy and Health Policy in Canada. By DanielCohn 449

LEESON, HOWARD A., ed. Saskatchewan Politics: Into the Twenty-First Century. ByPaul G. Thomas 451

CAMERON, DAVID R. AND GRAHAM WHITE. Cycling into Saigon: The ConservativeTransition in Ontario. By Steve Patten 452

FEREJOHN, JOHN, JOHN N. RAKOVE AND JONATHAN RILEY, eds. Constitutional Cultureand Democratic Rule. By Michael Lusztig 453

HIBBING, JOHN R. AND ELIZABETH THIESS-MORSE, eds. What Is It about GovernmentThat Americans Dislike? By Gus diZerega 454

WINOCK, MICHEL. La Belle Époque. La France de 1900 à 1914. Par Pierre Simonneau456

MENDELSOHN, MATTHEW AND ANDREW PARKIN, eds. Referendum Democracy: Citizens,Elites, and Deliberation in Referendum Campaigns. By David Stewart 458

IGNATIEFF, MICHAEL. Human Rights as Politics and Idolatry. By Brian Orend 459

RIOUX, JEAN-FRANÇOIS, sous la direction de. La sécurité humaine : une nouvelle conceptiondes relations internationales. Par Miguel de Larrinaga 460

BALME, RICHARD, DIDIER CHABANET ET VINCENT WRIGHT, sous la direction de. L'actioncollective en Europe. Par Bernard Jouve 463

COHEN, LENARD J. Serpent in the Bosom. The Rise and Fall of Slobodan Miloševic«. ByStanislav Kirschbaum 466

DUSSOUY, GÉRARD. Quelle géopolitique au XXIe siècle? Par Juan-Luis Klein 467

RASHID, AHMED. L'ombre des taliban. Par Sami Aoun 468

LÉGARÉ, FRANÇOIS. Terrorisme. Peurs et réalité. Par Dany Deschênes 470

TAYLOR, CHARLES. Varieties of Religion Today: William James Revisited. By RobertMeynell 472

BALIBAR, ETIENNE ET GÉRARD RAULET, sous la direction de. Marx démocrate: Lemanuscrit de 1843. Par Étienne Cantin 473

PANITCH, LEO. Renewing Socialism: Democracy, Strategy, and Imagination. By ClaudioKatz 475

BAUM, BRUCE. Rereading Power and Freedom in J. S. Mill. By Wendy Donner 476

CARTER, APRIL AND GEOFFREY STOKES, eds. Democratic Theory Today. By BorisDeWiel 478

BARNARD, FREDERICK M. Democratic Legitimacy: Plural Values and Political Power.By Greg Pyrcz 479

ZUCKER, ROSS. Democratic Distributive Justice. By Colin M. Macleod 480

TSEBELIS, GEORGE. Veto Players: How Political Institutions Work. By Csaba Nikolenyi482

MAY, CHRISTOPHER. The Information Society: A Sceptical View; and WEBSTER, FRANK, ed. Culture and Politics in the Information Age: A New Politics. By DarinBarney 483

HAMPSON, FEN OLIVER, NORMAN HILLMER AND MAUREEN APPEL MOLOT, eds. Canadaamong Nations 2001: The Axworthy Legacy; and HILMER, NORMAN AND MAUREEN APPEL MOLOT, eds. Canada among Nations 2002: A Fading Power. By TomKeating 485