Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-gtxcr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T00:13:31.669Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Low-field dynamic magnetic alignment and templated grain growth of diamagnetic PMN–PT ceramics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 November 2013

Stephen F. Poterala ,
Richard J. Meyer Jr.  and
Gary L. Messing
Stephen F. Poterala*
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802; and Now Channel Technologies Group, Santa Barbara, California 93111
Richard J. Meyer Jr.
Affiliation:
Applied Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
Gary L. Messing
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: spoterala@channeltech.com
Get access

Abstract

A novel combination of low-field magnetic alignment (MA) and templated grain growth (TGG) was used to fabricate highly textured diamagnetic 0.72Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.28PbTiO3 (0.72PMN–0.28PT) ceramics. Samples were produced by nonaqueous slip casting of PMN–PT slurries, in which diamagnetic plate-like 0.4(Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3–0.6PbTiO3 (0.4NBT–0.6PT) template particles were aligned by dynamic MA in a 2.2-T permanent magnet array. Template alignment improved as slurry viscosity increased, with a 32-vol% solid loading (a viscosity of ∼0.1 Pa s at 0.1 s−1) giving optimal texture quality (7.85° FWHM, f = 92 vol%) after sintering and TGG. Alignment was stable for more than 3 h during slip casting, allowing fabrication of ∼1-cm thick textured ceramics with high piezoelectric response (d33 = 1222 pC/N). The success of dynamic MA at low magnetic field (2.2 T) is attributed to an increase in driving force for alignment of large (5–10 μm) template particles relative to the randomizing effect of Brownian motion (i.e., thermal energy kBT).

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 28 , Issue 21 , 14 November 2013 , pp. 2960 - 2969
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Messing, G.L., Trolier-McKinstry, S., Sabolsky, E.M., Duran, C., Kwon, S., Brahmaroutu, B., Park, P., Yilmaz, H., Rehrig, P.W., Eitel, K.B., Suvaci, E., Seabaugh, M., and Oh, K.S.: Templated grain growth of textured piezoelectric ceramics. Crit. Rev. Solid State Mater. Sci. 29(2), 45 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kimura, T.: Application of texture engineering to piezoelectric ceramics: A review. J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn. 114, 15–25 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chang, Y., Lee, S., Poterala, S.F., Randall, C.A., and Messing, G.L.: A critical evaluation of reactive templated grain growth (RTGG) mechanisms in highly [001] textured Sr0.61Ba0.39Nb2O6 ferroelectric-thermoelectrics. J. Mater. Res. 26, 3044–3050 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pavlacka, R.J. and Messing, G.L.: Processing and mechanical response of highly textured Al2O3. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 30, 2917–2925 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dollase, W.A.: Correction of intensities for preferred orientation in powder diffractometry: Application of the March model. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 19, 267–272 (1986).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seabaugh, M.M., Messing, G.L., and Vaudin, M.D.: Texture development and microstructure evolution in liquid-phase-sintered α-alumina ceramics prepared by templated grain growth. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 83, 3109–3116 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brosnan, K.H., Messing, G.L., Meyer, R.J. Jr., and Vaudin, M.D.: Texture measurements in <001> fiber‐oriented PMN-PT. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 89, 1965–1971 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brosnan, K.H., Poterala, S.F., Meyer, R.J., Misture, S., and Messing, G.L.: Templated grain growth of <001> textured PMN-28PT using SrTiO3 templates. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 92, S133–S139 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poterala, S.F., Trolier-McKinstry, S., Meyer, R.J., and Messing, G.L.: Processing, texture quality, and piezoelectric properties of <001>C textured (1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)TiO3 - xPbTiO3 ceramics. J. Appl. Phys. 110, 014105 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aleshin, V.I., Raevskiĭ, I.P., and Sitalo, E.I.: Electromechanical properties of a textured ceramic material in the (1-x)PMN-xPT system: Simulation based on the effective-medium method. Phys. Solid State 50, 2150–2156 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jeffery, G.B.: The motion of ellipsoidal particles immersed in a viscous fluid. Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 102, 161–179 (1922).Google Scholar
Wu, M. and Messing, G.L.: Fabrication of oriented SiC-whisker-reinforced mullite matrix composites by tape casting. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 77, 2586–2592 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snel, M.D., van Hoolst, J., de Wilde, A-M., Mertens, M., Snijkers, F., and Luyten, J.: Influence of tape cast parameters on texture formation in alumina by templated grain growth. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 29, 2757–2763 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leal, L.G. and Hinch, E.J.: The effect of weak brownian rotations on particles in shear flow. J. Fluid Mech. 46, 685–703 (1971).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feng, Q., Hirasawa, M., and Yanagisawa, K.: Synthesis of crystal-axis-oriented BaTiO3 and anatase platelike particles by a hydrothermal soft chemical process. Chem. Mater. 13, 290–296 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poterala, S.F., Chang, Y., Clark, T., Meyer, R.J., and Messing, G.L.: Mechanistic interpretation of the aurivillius to perovskite topochemical microcrystal conversion process. Chem. Mater. 22, 2061–2068 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sudre, O., Bao, G., Fan, B., Lange, F.F., and Evans, A.G.: Effect of inclusions on densification: II, numerical model. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 75, 525–531 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suzuki, T.S., Uchikoshi, T., and Sakka, Y.: Control of texture in alumina by colloidal processing in a strong magnetic field. Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 7, 356–364 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fujiwara, M., Fukui, M., and Tanimoto, Y.: Magnetic orientation of benzophenone crystals in fields up to 80.0 kOe. J. Phys. Chem. B 103, 2627–2630 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suzuki, T.S., Miwa, Y., Kawada, S., Kimura, M., Uchikoshi, T., and Sakka, Y.: Two-dimensional orientation in Bi4Ti3O12 prepared using platelet particles and a magnetic field. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 96(4), 1085–1089 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kesinbora, K., Suzuki, T.S., Ozer, I.O., Sakka, Y., and Suvaci, E.: Hybrid processing and anisotropic sintering shrinkage in textured ZnO ceramics. Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 11, 065006 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noheda, B., Cox, D.E., Shirane, G., Gao, J., and Ye, Z.G.: Phase diagram of the ferroelectric relaxor (1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3. Phys. Rev. B 66(5), 054104 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poterala, S.F., Meyer, R.J. Jr., and Messing, G.L.: Synthesis of high aspect ratio PbBi4Ti4O15 and topochemical conversion to PbTiO3-based microplatelets. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 94(8), 2323–2329 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yamaguchi, M., Ozawa, S., and Yamamoto, I.: Dynamic behavior of magnetic alignment in rotating field for magnetically weak particles. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 49, 080213 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Terada, N., Suzuki, H.S., Suzuki, T.S., Kitazawa, H., Sakka, Y., Kaneko, K., and Metoki, N.: Neutron diffraction texture analysis for α-Al2O3 oriented by high magnetic field and sintering. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 42, 105404–105408 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yamaguchi, M., Ozawa, S., and Yamamoto, I.: Rotational diffusion model of magnetic alignment. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 48, 063001 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Poterala et al. supplementary material

Supplementary information

Download Poterala et al. supplementary material(File)
File 625.2 KB