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Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D mediates the association of Triglyceride–glucose index with hypertension in US adults from NHANES 2001–2018: a national cross-sectional study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 March 2025

Jing Lu Open the ORCID record for Jing Lu [Opens in a new window] ,
Mengying Cao ,
Xiaoxue Zhang ,
Wenhao Zhong ,
Jie Yuan  and
Yunzeng Zou
Jing Lu
Affiliation:
Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
Mengying Cao
Affiliation:
Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
Xiaoxue Zhang
Affiliation:
Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
Wenhao Zhong
Affiliation:
Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
Jie Yuan*
Affiliation:
Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
Yunzeng Zou*
Affiliation:
Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
*
Corresponding authors: Jie Yuan; Email: yuan.jie@zs-hospital.sh.cn, Yunzeng Zou; Email: zou.yunzeng@zs-hospital.sh.cn
Corresponding authors: Jie Yuan; Email: yuan.jie@zs-hospital.sh.cn, Yunzeng Zou; Email: zou.yunzeng@zs-hospital.sh.cn
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Abstract

This study was designed to explore the mediating role of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) in Triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index and hypertension (HTN). Study participants were selected from the 2001 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Firstly, we estimated the association between TyG index and serum 25(OH)D with HTN using a weighted multivariable logistic regression model and restricted cubic spline. Secondly, we used a generalised additive model to investigate the correlation between TyG index and serum 25(OH)D. Lastly, serum 25(OH)D was investigated as a mediator in the association between TyG index and HTN. There were 14 099 subjects in total. TyG index was positively and linearly associated with HTN risk, while serum 25(OH)D had a U-shaped relationship with the prevalence of HTN. When the serum 25(OH)D levels were lower than 57·464 mmol/l, the prevalence of HTN decreased with the increase of serum 25(OH)D levels. When serum 25(OH)D levels rise above 57·464 mmol/l, the risk of HTN increases rapidly. Based on the U-shaped curve, serum 25(OH)D concentrations were divided into two groups: < 57·464 and ≥57·464 mmol/l. According to the mediation analysis, when serum 25(OH)D levels reached < 57·464 mmol/l, the positive association between the TyG index and incident HTN was increased by 25(OH)D. When serum 25(OH)D levels reached ≥ 57·464 mmol/l, the negative association between the TyG index and incident HTN was increased by 25(OH)D. There was a mediation effect between the TyG index and HTN, which was mediated by 25(OH)D. Therefore, we found that the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and TyG index may influence the prevalence of HTN.

Keywords

HypertensionTyG indexMediation analysisSerum 25-hydroxyvitamin D

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 133 , Issue 8 , 28 April 2025 , pp. 1021 - 1031
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society

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Footnotes

*

Jing Lu and Mengying Cao contributed equally to this work

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