Madagascar harbours numerous endemic plant and animal species and is one of the most important biodiversity hotspots in this respect. Although conservation organizations have tended to focus on the better known national parks of Madagascar, there are forest fragments that still hold locally endemic biodiversity. One of these is a group of forest fragments within the south-east Lavasoa–Ambatotsirongorongo mountains. This area is a predominantly humid, transitional forest as a result of the position of these mountains on the steep ecological gradient between the dry spiny forest to the west and the humid forest to the north. Because of the gradient, this area is one of only a few known locations in the country where species from both dry and humid forests are sympatric. Although some of the lemur species present also occur elsewhere, the Critically Endangered Bemanasy mouse lemur Microcebus manitatra is only known from this area, and the Endangered Lavasoa dwarf lemur Cheirogaleus lavasoensis is known only from this site and Kalambatritra–Sahalava, 170 km to the north. The latter species was included in the list of the World's 25 Most Endangered Primates in 2014–2016, and the former was included in the most recently published list (2018–2020), making Ambatotsirongorongo one of the top priorities for lemur conservation. The remaining forest also holds one of the last populations of the Critically Endangered gecko Phelsuma antanosy.

We are pleased to announce the launch of a new reforestation programme to respond to the urgent restoration and conservation needs in this area. The project will be led by a consortium that include a Malagasy enterprise (Tropical Biodiversity and Social Enterprise) with 2 decades of experience in restoring the local flora, and two academic institutions, Oxford Brookes University and Hamburg University, which play a major role in studying lemurs and the endemic biodiversity of Madagascar. The project, launched in July 2021, includes a plan to plant 4 million native trees over the next 4 years to restore the endemic species within the protected area of Ambatotsirongorongo. This will include the establishment of 300 ha of fast-growing trees as firebreaks, to demonstrate dynamic agroforestry to villagers living outside the protected area and thus to relieve pressure on the remaining native forest. An additional aim is to revitalize community management of the protected area. Ecosia, a Berlin-based not-for-profit search engine that channels 80% of its revenue to finance tree planting projects, has agreed to fund this ambitious plan, and the non-profit association Naturefund will support the agroforestry component. Field studies on the biota and of the socio-economic situation and its development over time will accompany the reforestation programme.