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ANCESTRAL O'ODHAM: AKIMEL O'ODHAM CULTURAL TRADITIONS AND THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 February 2017

Chris Loendorf  and
Barnaby V. Lewis
Chris Loendorf*
Affiliation:
Cultural Resources Management Program, Gila River Indian Community, Sacaton, AZ 85147
Barnaby V. Lewis
Affiliation:
Tribal Historic Preservation Office, Gila River Indian Community, Sacaton, Arizona 85147 (barnaby.lewis@gric.nsn.us)
*
(chris.loendorf@gric.nsn.us, corresponding author)
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Abstract

Archaeologists have long used the prehistoric inhabitants of the Phoenix Basin in south-central Arizona as an example of a failed or collapsed society, and most prehistorians still assert that Hohokam material culture patterns ended at the close of the Classic period (circa A.D. 1150–1450). Although researchers are increasingly recognizing connections between prehistoric and modern indigenous people, little consensus exists regarding the cause or causes of the dramatic alterations in material culture patterns that occurred in the region. Most archaeologists who have studied the changes at the end of the Classic period, however, have not fully considered the implications of previous and subsequent conditions, including similar and seemingly abrupt shifts in cultural practices that occurred both before and after this time. This paper uses Akimel O'Odham (i.e., Pima) cultural knowledge to contextualize the “Hohokam Collapse.” We show that this perspective of culture history explains the relationship between prehistoric and historic populations and answers many of the long-standing questions regarding cultural variation in the Phoenix Basin.

Durante mucho tiempo, los arqueólogos han utilizado los habitantes prehistóricos de la cuenca de Phoenix en el centro-sur de Arizona (es decir, la cultura hohokam) como ejemplo de una sociedad que fracasó o colapsó. La mayoría de los prehistoriadores todavía afirma que los patrones de la cultura material hohokam terminaron al final del periodo clásico (hacia 1150–1450 d.C.). Aunque cada vez más se reconocen las conexiones entre los habitantes indígenas prehistóricos y modernos de la zona, hay desacuerdo sobre la causa o causas de las dramáticas alteraciones a los patrones de cultura material que se produjeron en la región. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los arqueólogos que han estudiado los cambios ocurridos al final del período clásico no han considerado las implicaciones de las condiciones anteriores y subsiguientes, incluyendo cambios similares y aparentemente abruptos en las prácticas culturales que se produjeron previamente. En este trabajo se utiliza el conocimiento cultural de los Akimel O'Odham (es decir, los pima) para contextualizar el “colapso hohokam”. Demostramos que esta perspectiva de la historia cultural explica la relación entre las poblaciones prehistóricas e históricas, y responde a muchas de las preguntas de larga data con respecto a la variación cultural en la cuenca de Phoenix.

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American Antiquity , Volume 82 , Issue 1 , January 2017 , pp. 123 - 139
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Copyright © 2017 by the Society for American Archaeology 

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