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Developmental relations between amygdala volume and anxiety traits: Effects of informant, sex, and age

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 November 2017

Katherine Rice Warnell Open the ORCID record for Katherine Rice Warnell [Opens in a new window] ,
Meredith Pecukonis  and
Elizabeth Redcay
Katherine Rice Warnell*
Affiliation:
Texas State University
Meredith Pecukonis
Affiliation:
University of Maryland
Elizabeth Redcay
Affiliation:
University of Maryland
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Katherine Rice Warnell, Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666; E-mail: warnell@txstate.edu.
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Abstract

Although substantial human and animal evidence suggests a role for the amygdala in anxiety, literature linking amygdala volume to anxiety symptomatology is inconclusive, with studies finding positive, negative, and null results. Clarifying this brain–behavior relation in middle to late childhood is especially important, as this is a time both of amygdala structural maturation and the emergence of many anxiety disorders. The goal of the current study was to clarify inconsistent findings in previous literature by identifying factors moderating the relation between amygdala volume and anxiety traits in a large sample of typically developing children aged 6–13 years (N = 72). In particular, we investigated the moderating effects of informant (parent vs. child), age, and sex. We found that children's reports (i.e., self-reports) were related to amygdala volume; children who reported higher anxiety levels had smaller amygdalae. This negative relation between amygdala volume and anxiety weakened with age. There was also an independent effect of sex, such that relations were stronger in males than in females. These results indicate the importance of considering sample and informant characteristics when charting the neurobiological mechanisms underlying developmental anxiety.

Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 30 , Issue 4 , October 2018 , pp. 1503 - 1515
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

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Footnotes

We thank Laura Anderson Kirby, Dan Levitas, Dustin Moraczewski, Jazlyn Nketia, Harrison Pierce, Eleonora Sadikova, and Kayla Velnoskey for assistance with data collection and analysis and the Maryland Neuroimaging Center and staff for project assistance.

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