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Upper Triassic Invertebrates from the Antimonio Formation, Sonora, Mexico

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 August 2017

George D. Stanley Jr. ,
Carlos González-León ,
Michael R. Sandy ,
Baba Senowbari-Daryan ,
Peter Doyle ,
Minoru Tamura  and
Douglas H. Erwin
George D. Stanley Jr.
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Montana, Missoula, 59812
Carlos González-León
Affiliation:
Instituto de Geología, UNAM, Apartado, Postal 1039, Hermosillo, Mexico 83000
Michael R. Sandy
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio 45469-2364
Baba Senowbari-Daryan
Affiliation:
Institute of Paleontology, University of Erlangen D-8520, Germany
Peter Doyle
Affiliation:
School of Earth Sciences, University of Greenwich, Brewhouse Lane, London E1 9NU, U.K.
Minoru Tamura
Affiliation:
Faculty of Education, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860, Japan
Douglas H. Erwin
Affiliation:
Department of Paleobiology, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. 20560
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Abstract

A diverse Upper Triassic tropical marine fauna from northwestern Sonora, Mexico, includes 31 taxa of tropical invertebrates including scleractinian corals, spongiomorphs, disjectoporoids, “hydrozoans,” thalamid and nonthalamid sponges, spiriferid and terebratulid brachiopods, gastropods, bivalves, coleoids, and anomuran microcoprolites. They occur within the late Karnian to Norian part of the Antimonio Formation (Antimonio terrane), which is juxtaposed against a fragmented portion of the North American craton. Most of the fauna is also known from the Tethys region. Sixteen Sonoran taxa co-occur in the western Tethys and five have never been known outside this region. Four additional taxa (one identified only at genus level) are geographically widespread. Some taxa occur in displaced terranes of North America, especially in west-central Nevada (Luning Formation). A weak link exists with the California Eastern Klamath terrane but stronger ties exist with Peru. Among Sonoran sponges, Nevadathalamia polystoma was previously recognized only from the Luning Formation, western Nevada. Sponges Cinnabaria expansa, Nevadathalamia cylindrica, and a coral, Astraeomorpha sonorensis n. sp., are also known from Nevada. The corals Distichomeandra austriaca, Chondrocoenia waltheri, Pamiroseris rectilamellosa, and Alpinophyllia flexuosa co-occur in central Europe. Two new taxa, a spongiomorph hydrozoan, Stromatoporidium lamellatum n. sp., and a disjectoporoid, Pamiropora sonorensis n. sp., have distinct affinities with the Tethys. The geographically widespread North American brachiopod, Spondylospira lewesensis, and Pseudorhaetina antimoniensis n. gen. and sp. are among the Sonoran fauna. The Sonoran coleoid (aulacocerid) Dictyoconites (Dictyoconites) cf. D. reticulatum occurs in the Tethys realm and Calliconites cf. C. drakei is comparable with a species from the Eastern Klamath terrane. Calliconites milleri n. sp. is the first occurrence of the genus outside Sicily. The bivalves Myophorigonia jaworskii, M. salasi, and Palaeocardita peruviana are known from Sonora and Peru. Eight gastropod taxa include Guidonia cf. G. intermedia and G. cf. G. parvula, both previously known from Peru, and Eucycloscala subbisertus from the western Tethys. The gastropods are unlike those already known from other North American terranes.

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