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EPA guidance on the early detection of clinical high risk states of psychoses

Part of: EPA Guidance Papers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2020

F. Schultze-Lutter ,
C. Michel ,
S.J. Schmidt ,
B.G. Schimmelmann ,
N.P. Maric ,
R.K.R. Salokangas ,
A. Riecher-Rössler ,
M. van der Gaag ,
M. Nordentoft  and
A. Raballo
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F. Schultze-Lutter
Affiliation:
University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
C. Michel
Affiliation:
University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
S.J. Schmidt
Affiliation:
University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
B.G. Schimmelmann
Affiliation:
University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
N.P. Maric
Affiliation:
School of Medicine, University of Belgrade and Clinic of Psychiatry, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
R.K.R. Salokangas
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
A. Riecher-Rössler
Affiliation:
Center for Gender Research and Early Detection, Psychiatric University Clinics Basel, Basel, Switzerland
M. van der Gaag
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Psychology, VU University and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Psychosis Research, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
M. Nordentoft
Affiliation:
Mental Health Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
A. Raballo
Affiliation:
Department of Mental Health, Reggio Emilia Public Health Centre, Reggio Emilia, Italy Regional Working Group on Early Detection of Psychosis, Emilia Romagna Regional Health Service, Bologna, Italy
A. Meneghelli
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Salute Mentale, Centro per l’Individuazione e l’Intervento Precoce nelle Psicosi-Programma 2000, Ospedale Niguarda Ca’ Granda, Milan, Italy
M. Marshall
Affiliation:
School of Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK LANTERN Centre, Lancashire Care NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK
A. Morrison
Affiliation:
School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. Psychosis Research Unit, Greater Manchester West NHS Mental Health Trust, Manchester, UK
S. Ruhrmann
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
J. Klosterkötter*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
*
*Corresponding author at: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany. Tel.: +49 221 478 4001; fax: +49 221 478 87139. E-mail address:Joachim.klosterkotter@uk-koeln.de (J. Klosterkötter).
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Abstract

The aim of this guidance paper of the European Psychiatric Association is to provide evidence-based recommendations on the early detection of a clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis in patients with mental problems. To this aim, we conducted a meta-analysis of studies reporting on conversion rates to psychosis in non-overlapping samples meeting any at least any one of the main CHR criteria: ultra-high risk (UHR) and/or basic symptoms criteria. Further, effects of potential moderators (different UHR criteria definitions, single UHR criteria and age) on conversion rates were examined. Conversion rates in the identified 42 samples with altogether more than 4000 CHR patients who had mainly been identified by UHR criteria and/or the basic symptom criterion ‘cognitive disturbances’ (COGDIS) showed considerable heterogeneity. While UHR criteria and COGDIS were related to similar conversion rates until 2-year follow-up, conversion rates of COGDIS were significantly higher thereafter. Differences in onset and frequency requirements of symptomatic UHR criteria or in their different consideration of functional decline, substance use and co-morbidity did not seem to impact on conversion rates. The ‘genetic risk and functional decline’ UHR criterion was rarely met and only showed an insignificant pooled sample effect. However, age significantly affected UHR conversion rates with lower rates in children and adolescents. Although more research into potential sources of heterogeneity in conversion rates is needed to facilitate improvement of CHR criteria, six evidence-based recommendations for an early detection of psychosis were developed as a basis for the EPA guidance on early intervention in CHR states.

Keywords

Meta-analysisPrevention of psychosis in EuropeAttenuated psychotic symptoms (APS)Transient psychotic symptoms (BLIPS)Cognitive disturbances (COGDIS)Children and adolescents

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Type
Original article
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 30 , Issue 3: Special issue: EPA Guidance papers , March 2015 , pp. 405 - 416
Copyright
Copyright © Elsevier Masson SAS 2015

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