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Accepted manuscript

Sensitivity and resistance survey of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) populations to bentazon across the United States

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 January 2026

Ivana Santos Moisinho
Affiliation:
Postdoctoral Scholar, Department of Plant Science, Applied Weed Physiology Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
Ed Peachey
Affiliation:
Associate Professor Emeritus, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
Martin M Williams II
Affiliation:
Affiliate Professor, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
Mark VanGessel
Affiliation:
Professor, University of Delaware, Georgetown, DE, USA
Barbara Scott
Affiliation:
Associate Scientist, University of Delaware, Georgetown, DE, USA
Lynn M. Sosnoskie
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, USA
Pavle Pavlovic
Affiliation:
PhD Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
Caio Brunharo*
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Science, Applied Weed Physiology Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Caio Brunharo, 116 Agricultural Science and Industries building, University Park, PA 16802. E-mail: brunharo@psu.edu
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Abstract

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Bentazon, a photosystem II-inhibiting postemergence herbicide, has been used in corn (Zea mays L.), beans, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and vegetables to manage common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.), although growers have reported reduced efficacy across the country. The aim of this study was to describe the sensitivity response of C. album to bentazon and identify whether reported escapes could be considered as cases of herbicide resistance evolution. We evaluated C. album populations collected from lima and snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) fields across Delaware, Illinois, Minnesota, New York, and Oregon. Dose-response experiments with 25 populations were conducted to create a reference response to bentazon, using rates that ranged from 0 to 8,406 g ai ha-1. Injury ratings and biomass were assessed 28 days after herbicide application, and the herbicide rates required to reduce growth by 50% (I50 or GR50) and 80% (I80 or GR80) were calculated. Results indicated C. album responses to bentazon varied within and across states. Across all populations studied, the GR50 for biomass reduction ranged from 159 to 816 g ai ha-1, and GR80 from 230 to 1,944 g ai ha-1 with populations from Oregon exhibiting the highest average GR50, followed by those from New York, the Northcentral states, and Delaware. Based on our criteria that the injury rating- or biomass-based resistance index (ratio between I50 or GR50 of the suspected-resistant and a local selected susceptible population) had to be at least two, and the I80 or GR80 should be greater than the labeled field rate, one population from New York (NY6) and one from Oregon (OR29) were considered as resistant. This research underscores the wide variation in C. album response to bentazon across the U.S., the importance of herbicide resistance diagnostic strategies that account for local population variation, and highlights the increasing challenge of C. album management in specialty crops.

Information

Type
Research Article
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Weed Science Society of America