Archaeological works undertaken in the last decade – excavation, survey and conservation – prompted by major public works, combined with synthetic studies, have enhanced our knowledge of Thessaly in the Byzantine period. Key areas where our understanding has increased significantly include urban and rural fortifications, the Late Antique phases of occupation in Larisa and the harbour at Phthiotic Thebes (modern Nea Anchialos), religious and secular architecture, rural villas, industrial installations and the monastic community on Mount Ossa (‘Mountain of the Cells’).

This paper focuses on the region of Mount Ossa (later Kissavos), where the data resulting from recent investigations have revealed a vibrant Late Antique phase, characterized by dense habitation on the slopes of the mountain (Map 9).