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Accepted manuscript

Nutrient Uptake, Heavy Metal Phytoremediation, and Weed Crop Interference Across Varied Competition Durations of Invasive Aquatic Alligatorweed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) in Mungbean

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 April 2026

Tasawer Abbas Open the ORCID record for Tasawer Abbas [Opens in a new window] ,
Muhammad Ather Nadeem Open the ORCID record for Muhammad Ather Nadeem [Opens in a new window] ,
Ahmed Fahem Jabbar ,
Ali Majrashi Open the ORCID record for Ali Majrashi [Opens in a new window] ,
Muhammad Asim Open the ORCID record for Muhammad Asim [Opens in a new window] ,
Bilal Ahmad Khan ,
Amar Matloob  and
Naila Farooq
Tasawer Abbas*
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
Muhammad Ather Nadeem
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
Ahmed Fahem Jabbar
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, College of Agriculture, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq
Ali Majrashi
Affiliation:
Professor of Ecology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
Muhammad Asim
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
Bilal Ahmad Khan
Affiliation:
Post Doc Researcher, Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas USA.
Amar Matloob
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Department of Climate Change, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
Naila Farooq
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan.
*
*Author for correspondence: Tasawer Abbas, Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan. Email: tagondaluaf@gmail.com
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Abstract

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Alligatorweed, an invasive aquatic weed, has emerged as a major threat to sustainable crop production in various crop species. A two-year field study was conducted to investigate the impact of varied competition durations of alligatorweed on mungbean. The competition durations with alligatorweed included weed free conditions for first 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 weeks after crop emergence along with a full season weed free treatment and alternatively weedy conditions for the aforementioned durations along with a full season weedy treatment. Competition with alligatorweed led to significant uptake of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), with maximum uptake observed in the full season weedy treatment with N, P and K up to 65, 19, 56 kg ha-1, respectively. Additionally, significant accumulation of heavy metals (HMs) including copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and arsenic (As) up to 20, 16, 30, 14 and 11 g ha-1, respectively, was observed. Full season weedy plots produced more alligatorweed biomass and caused reductions of up to 81% in mungbean yield components. Alligatorweed infestation resulted in significant mungbean grain yield losses of up to 44% during 2022 and 52% in 2023, respectively. Furthermore, the three-parameter log-logistic equations identified the period from 4.2 to 6.8 weeks after crop emergence (WACE) as the critical period of alligatorweed competition that could result in a 10% yield loss in mungbean. Hence, alligatorweed poses a significant threat to mungbean production due to its strong competitive ability. However, its potential for HM accumulation offers promising opportunities for phytoremediation in both aquatic and terrestrial environments.

Keywords

Aquatic weedAs accumulationheavy metals uptakeinvasive weedmungbean yield lossesweed-crop competition

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Accepted manuscript , pp. 1 - 22
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Weed Science Society of America