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Free-surface effects on the flow around two circular cylinders in tandem

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 December 2024

Feng Zhao Open the ORCID record for Feng Zhao [Opens in a new window] ,
Rui Wang ,
Hongbo Zhu Open the ORCID record for Hongbo Zhu [Opens in a new window] ,
Yong Cao Open the ORCID record for Yong Cao [Opens in a new window] ,
Yan Bao ,
Dai Zhou ,
Bin Cheng  and
Zhaolong Han
Feng Zhao
Affiliation:
Department of Civil Engineering, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
Rui Wang
Affiliation:
School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
Hongbo Zhu
Affiliation:
Department of Civil Engineering, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
Yong Cao
Affiliation:
Department of Civil Engineering, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
Yan Bao*
Affiliation:
Department of Civil Engineering, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
Dai Zhou
Affiliation:
Department of Civil Engineering, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
Bin Cheng
Affiliation:
Department of Civil Engineering, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
Zhaolong Han
Affiliation:
Department of Civil Engineering, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
*
†Email address for correspondence: ybao@sjtu.edu.cn
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Abstract

This paper presents a numerical study on the flow around two tandem circular cylinders beneath a free surface at a Reynolds number of $180$. The free-surface effects on the wake dynamics and hydrodynamic forces are investigated through a parametric study, covering a parameter space of gap ratios from $0.20$ to $2.00$, spacing ratios from $1.50$ to $4.00$ and Froude numbers from $0.2$ to $0.8$. A jet-like flow accompanied by a shear layer of positive vorticity separating from the free surface is formed in the wake at small gap ratios, which significantly alters the wake pattern through its dynamic behaviours. At shallow submergence depths, the three-dimensional wake transitions from mode B to mode A as the distance between the cylinders increases. As submergence depth increases, the wavy deformation of the primary vortex cores disappears in the wake, and the flow transitions to a two-dimensional state. Higher Froude numbers can extend the effect of the free surface to deeper submergence depths. The critical spacing ratio tends to be larger at higher Froude numbers. Furthermore, the free-surface deformation is examined. The free-surface profile typically comprises a hydraulic jump immediately ahead of the upstream cylinder, trapped waves in the vicinity of the two tandem cylinders and well-defined travelling waves on the downstream side. The frequencies of the waves cluster around the vortex shedding frequency, indicating a close association between the generation of waves and the vortex shedding process.

JFM classification

Vortex Flows: Vortex shedding Vortex Flows: Vortex dynamics

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Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 1001 , 25 December 2024 , A7
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Supplementary material: File

Zhao et al. supplementary movie 1

The temporal development of the wake at (Re, Fr, G, S)=(180, 0.6, 0.6, 3.0).
Download Zhao et al. supplementary movie 1(File)
File 1.5 MB
Supplementary material: File

Zhao et al. supplementary movie 2

Temporal development of the wake at (Re, Fr, G, S)=(7550, 0.6, 0.4, 2.5).
Download Zhao et al. supplementary movie 2(File)
File 2.3 MB
Supplementary material: File

Zhao et al. supplementary movie 3

The evolution of 3D flow structures at (Re, Fr, G, S)=(7550, 0.6, 0.4, 2.5).
Download Zhao et al. supplementary movie 3(File)
File 10.3 MB