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Impact of chronic consumption of dairy products varying in fatty acid composition on postprandial lipid responses: preliminary insights from the RESET study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 July 2017

O. Markey ,
D. Vasilopoulou ,
C.C. Fagan ,
K.E. Kliem ,
S. Todd ,
D.J. Humphries ,
K.G. Jackson ,
D.I. Givens  and
J.A. Lovegrove
O. Markey
Affiliation:
Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK. Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences , University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK. School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
D. Vasilopoulou
Affiliation:
Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK. Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences , University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK.
C.C. Fagan
Affiliation:
Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences , University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK.
K.E. Kliem
Affiliation:
Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK.
S. Todd
Affiliation:
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK.
D.J. Humphries
Affiliation:
Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK.
K.G. Jackson
Affiliation:
Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK. Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences , University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK.
D.I. Givens
Affiliation:
Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK.
J.A. Lovegrove
Affiliation:
Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK. Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences , University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK.
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Abstract

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Partial replacement of milk saturated fatty acids (SFA) with unsaturated fatty acids (FA) is feasible through supplementation of the bovine diet with plant oil or oilseeds( Reference Markey 1 ). Consumption of modified dairy products with a SFA-reduced, monounsaturated fat (MUFA)-enriched content may have a beneficial impact on the fasting lipid profile( Reference Markey 1 ) but their influence on postprandial triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations, an independent risk factor for CVD( Reference Bansal 2 ), requires investigation. We examined whether consumption of FA-modified dairy products improved postprandial lipid, glucose and insulin responses, when compared to dairy products with a FA composition typical of retail products (control).

We conducted a 12-week, randomised, crossover, double-blinded controlled dietary intervention in fifty-two adults at moderate CVD risk (31 men, 21 women; age 53 (SE 2) years; BMI 25·9 (SE 0·5) kg/m2) (REplacement of SaturatEd fat in dairy on Total cholesterol (RESET) study; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02089035). A flexible food-exchange model was used to implement each iso-energetic high-fat (38 %TE), high-dairy diet that contained UHT milk, cheese and butter: control (dietary target: 19 %TE SFA; 11 %TE MUFA) and modified (16 %TE SFA; 14 %TE MUFA). Before and after each intervention period, participants underwent a sequential two-meal postprandial investigation in which blood samples were collected at regular intervals following a test breakfast (50 g fat) and lunch (30 g fat) rich in control or modified dairy products, given at 0 and 330 min respectively. Changes from the baseline study visit in postprandial serum TAG, glucose, apolipoprotein B (apoB) and non-esterified FAs (NEFA) and plasma insulin response were reported as incremental area under the curve (iAUC; Fig. 1.). Data were analysed using mixed models, with baseline values of the assessed variable, period, treatment, age, gender and BMI included as fixed effects.

Fig. 1.

Change from the baseline study visit in postprandial lipid, glucose and insulin responses following consumption of sequential high-fat meals that incorporated control and modified dairy products. Values are means with their standard errors represented by vertical bars. *P < 0·01 (treatment effect). iAUC, incremental area under the curve; TAG, triacylglycerol; apoB, apolipoprotein B; NEFA, non-esterified FAs.

A differential effect was observed for the apoB iAUC, with a decrease observed following the modified diet (P = 0·004), compared with following the control dairy products. No significant differences in iAUC for the TAG, glucose, NEFA or insulin responses were evident between diets. Chronic consumption of SFA-reduced, MUFA-enriched dairy products decreased the postprandial apoB response suggesting an impact of the FA-modified dairy on the metabolism of TAG-rich lipoproteins, which warrants further investigation.

This research was supported by the Medical Research Council (MR/K020218/1), with food in-kind from Arla Foods UK and AAK (UK) Ltd.

References

1. Markey, et al. (2014) Nutr Bull 39, 161–171.Google Scholar
2. Bansal, et al. (2007) JAMA 298, 309–16.Google Scholar
Figure 0

Fig. 1. Change from the baseline study visit in postprandial lipid, glucose and insulin responses following consumption of sequential high-fat meals that incorporated control and modified dairy products. Values are means with their standard errors represented by vertical bars. *P < 0·01 (treatment effect). iAUC, incremental area under the curve; TAG, triacylglycerol; apoB, apolipoprotein B; NEFA, non-esterified FAs.