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Accepted manuscript

Interaction between a refined carbohydrate dietary pattern and genetic risk score for obesity in the Korean population

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 February 2026

Min-Jae Jang ,
Sangwon Chung Open the ORCID record for Sangwon Chung [Opens in a new window] ,
Kyungjoon Lim ,
Sangah Shin Open the ORCID record for Sangah Shin [Opens in a new window]  and
Jun-Mo Kim
Min-Jae Jang
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
Sangwon Chung
Affiliation:
Precision Nutrition Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
Kyungjoon Lim
Affiliation:
Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
Sangah Shin*
Affiliation:
Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
Jun-Mo Kim*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
*
**Sangah Shin, Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, 4726, Seodong-daero, Daedeokmyeon, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea, Tel: +82-31-670-3259, Fax: +82-31-675-1381, Email: ivory8320@cau.ac.kr
*Corresponding authors: Jun-Mo Kim, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726, Seodong-daero, Daedeokmyeon, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea, Tel: +82-31-670-3263, Fax: +82-31-675-3108, Email: junmokim@cau.ac.kr
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Abstract

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Objective:

Genetic predisposition to obesity can stimulate an increase in adiposity throughout adulthood. However, the interaction between genetic factors and dietary habits may modify the genetic association with obesity. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the dietary patterns that influence the genetic risk of obesity in a Korean population using a large cohort study and genome-wide association study.

Design:

Prospective cohort study.

Setting:

The genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated based on six identified single nucleotide polymorphisms of the OTOL1, NMBR, DNAJB9, ASCC1, NT5C2, and FTO genes associated with obesity, as ascertained by body mass index. Dietary patterns were determined using food intake data from a food frequency questionnaire and factor analysis.

Participants:

This study included data from 8,458 adults aged 40-69 years from the Ansan and Ansung cohorts of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study.

Results:

The refined carbohydrate dietary pattern showed a significant inverse association with obesity in the highest GRS group with a non-significant interactive association (odds ratio [OR], 0.801; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.662–‒0.969; P for trend = 0.0251, P for interaction = 0.571). However, participants with the highest refined carbohydrate dietary pattern score and highest GRS had an increased prevalence of obesity (OR: 1.288, 95% CI: 1.068‒1.554, P for trend = 0.0251) compared with the prevalence of those with the lowest dietary pattern score and GRS.

Conclusions:

Reducing refined carbohydrate consumption may be helpful for Korean adults with a greater genetic susceptibility to obesity.

Keywords

Genetic risk factorobesitydietary patternrefined carbohydrates

Information

Type
Research Paper
Information
Public Health Nutrition , Accepted manuscript , pp. 1 - 25
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society

Footnotes

†

These authors contributed equally.