¹ Ethel Esther Page, née Blunt (1875–1958): matron of Page's hospital in Grafton.

² Helen Page, née Loftus (1914–2007): private secretary to Sir Earle; married his son Don (see below).

³ Don A. Page (1912–1989): managed the family's extensive agricultural holdings.

⁴ H.L. ‘Larry’ Anthony (1897–1957): banana grower, Country Party MP for Richmond, and briefly minister for transport in R.G. Menzies government in 1941.

⁵ J.F. Murphy (1893–1949): secretary of the dept of commerce, 1934–1945; led a number of government agencies established to administer wartime controls.

⁶ The reference to ‘Geoff making his first speech’ is to Don and Helen's 14-month-old son (b.1940), later a celebrated Australian poet and jazz enthusiast.

⁷ Sir Fergus McMaster (1879–1950): grazier, businessman, founder, and former chairman of the Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Services (Qantas). In 1936 he was a foundation member of the Queensland Country Party, and later its treasurer.

⁸ James Lockie Wilson (1880–1956): leading pastoralist, cattle breeder, and owner of Calliope station near Gladstone, Queensland; executive member of the United Graziers’ Association.

⁹ Sir William Alfred Brand (1888–1979): cane-grower, vice president of Australian Sugar Producers’ Association, and long-standing Queensland Country Party politician.

¹⁰ R.J.S. Muir (1899–1960): general secretary of the Queensland Cane Growers’ Association.

¹¹ Major J.A. Austin (1871–1948): founding member and secretary of the Queensland Country Party.

¹² F.C.P. Curlewis (1876–1945): assistant secretary, 1932, then general secretary, 1938, of the Australian Sugar Producers’ Association.

¹³ Dr Claude L.C. Henry (1895–unknown): nephew of Sir Earle and Lady Page (son of Sir Earle's oldest sister Edith, who married Mark Henry, a teacher).

¹⁴ Family of W.J. ‘Bill’ Low, who accompanied Page on the trip as his personal secretary. He had been an administrator and a former commissioner of transport in Queensland.

¹⁵ Helen ‘Nell’ Henry, née Crowther (1897–unknown), wife of Claude Henry.

¹⁶ J.J. McDonald: organizing secretary of the Northern Country Party.

¹⁷ C.L.A. Abbott (1886–1975): grazier, member of the NSW Country Party; Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Gwydir and former minister; administrator of the Northern Territory, 1937–1945. When serving in the First World War, Abbott took part in the charge of the Australian Light Horse at Beersheba. See n. 102.

¹⁸ Lt-Col. Nathaniel Dunbar Barton (1894–1985): served in First World War and was in charge of 21st Ambulance in Darwin when Page stopped over.

¹⁹ Capt. Gordon Richard Jones: Australian Army Medical Corps (AAMC).

²⁰ Dr Leswyn Poidevin, son of the Australian cricketer and medic, L.O.S. Poidevin: graduated from University of Sydney Medical School in 1938, the same year as Iven Page.

²¹ Capt. Iven Page (1914–1972), third son of Sir Earle: served in Northern Ireland with the Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC).

²² Dr Joseph B. McElhone, Assistant Director Medical Services (ADMS); unsuccessfully contested the federal seat of Cowper as an independent candidate against Page in the 1940 and 1943 elections.

²³ H.A. McClure-Smith (1902–1961): journalist; became editor of the Sydney Morning Herald in 1937.

²⁴ Sir Thomas Shenton Whitelegge Thomas (1879–1962): career colonial administrator. Prior to his internment by the Japanese in 1942, he was high commissioner for the Malay states, and governor of the Straits Settlements including Singapore, 1934–1942.

²⁵ Dr Tjarda van Starkenborgh Stachouwer (1888–1978): colonial governor general of the Netherlands East Indies, 1936–1941.

²⁶ Mrs Hilda Gertrude Abbott, née Harnett (1890–1984), daughter of the grazier, John Joseph Harnett.

²⁷ Sir Leonard Scopes (1912–1997): career diplomat, appointed acting consul general in Sourabaya in February 1941 with the transfer of E.W. Meiklereid to Saigon as acting consul general.

²⁸ Dr Herbutus J. van Mook (1894–1965), born in the Netherlands East Indies (NEI): colonial administrator; appointed to a number of senior posts in the Dutch colonial service.

²⁹ Antonius H.J. ‘Tony’ Lovink (1902–1995): head of the office for East Asian affairs, NEI, 1935–1942.

³⁰ Maj. Patrick E. Coleman (1892–1950): assistant secretary to the dept of air who was attached to the Page mission to advise on defence matters (EP). He was also an assistant to F.G. Shedden, secretary of the dept of defence, the war cabinet, and the advisory war council.

³¹ H.A. Peterson: Australian trade commissioner to Batavia.

³² Cdr V.E. Kennedy, Royal Australian Navy (RAN): Australian naval liaison officer to C.-in-C. (Commander-in-Chief) Royal Netherlands Navy, Vice Admiral C.E.L. Helfrich, Batavia, 1941–1942.

³³ The term deputy consul is a misnomer in (British) Foreign Office terminology, but Page is referring to W.K. Smith, the British consul in Batavia in December 1939 and then acting consul general in 1941.

³⁴ Lt (later Capt.) G.R.B. Don Fox, Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve (RNVR): aide-de-camp (ADC) to the governor for most of 1941. See also n. 24 on Sir Shenton Thomas.

³⁵ Capt. (later Vice Admiral, Sir) John Augustine Collins (1899–1989): naval officer and diplomat; captained the light cruiser HMAS Sydney, serving with distinction in the Mediterranean theatre, 1939–1941. In June 1941 he was appointed as chief of staff to Vice Admiral Sir Geoffrey Layton, C.-in-C. China station, Singapore. (See n. 54.)

³⁶ Group Capt. (later Air Marshal, Sir) John P. McCauley (1899–1989): commander RAAF Far East and RAF station Sembawang, 1941–1942.

³⁷ Maj.-Gen. (later Lt-Gen.) Henry Gordon Bennett (1887–1962): businessman and citizen soldier, was the bumptious commander of the 8th Division, AIF, in Malaya. Just before the surrender of Singapore in February 1942, Gordon controversially handed over command of the division to Brig. C.A. Callaghan and escaped to Australia by sampan.

³⁸ Lionel Wigmore (1899–1989): Australian journalist and historian, recruited to the staff of the federal dept of information in 1939. In April 1941 he became the dept's representative in Malaya, where he worked closely with the Far Eastern Bureau of the British ministry of information supplying news to Australian and British service personnel.

³⁹ Sir Josiah Crosby (1880–1958): British minister in Bangkok from 1934 to 1941; served most of his diplomatic career in south-east Asia.

⁴⁰ Sir Archibald Clark Kerr (1882–1951), 1st Baron Inverchapel: Australian-born British diplomat; ambassador to China, 1938–1942; ambassador to the Soviet Union, 1942–1946; and ambassador to the United States (US), 1946–1948.

⁴¹ Alfred Duff Cooper (1890–1954), Viscount Norwich: secretary of state for war, 1935–1937; minister of information, 1940–1941; chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster, 1941–1943; ambassador to France, 1944–1948; arrived in Singapore in early September 1941 to assess strategic situation in Far East and appointed resident minister for Far Eastern affairs three days after the Japanese attacked Malaya on 7 December 1941.

⁴² Sir John Henry Keswick (1906–1982): merchant and director of Jardines, 1937. Upon the outbreak of war he was appointed to the British ministry of economic warfare to stop war supplies reaching Germany through East Asia. He was also recruited to work for the SOE in China and the Far East.

⁴³ Richard Gardiner Casey (1890–1976): engineer, diplomat, and politician; Australian liaison officer to the Foreign Office, 1924–1931; Australia's first minister to Washington, 1940–1942.

⁴⁴ Arthur W. Fadden (1894–1974): leader of the Country Party; treasurer in R.G. Menzies government, 1939–1941; and succeeded Menzies as prime minister in August 1941 for 40 days.

⁴⁵ Lt (later Maj.) Gordon H. Walker: English-born ADC to Gen. Gordon Bennett; became a pastoralist in the Cootamundra region of NSW. Walker was one of a three-man party led by Gen. Bennett which evaded captivity. The other member was Maj. (later Lt-Col.) C.J.A. Moses, 8th Division liaison officer.

⁴⁶ Lt-Col. Leon Stahle: politician and member of the Country Liberal Party of Victoria; citizen soldier; and 8th Division's Deputy Assistant Director Ordnance Services (DADOS).

⁴⁷ Sir Wilfrid Selwyn (Billy) Kent Hughes (1895–1970): soldier and politician; captured in Singapore in February 1942.

⁴⁸ Dr Mary Ethel Josephine Thornton, née Cantwell (unknown–1965): radiologist and physiotherapist; second wife of Kent Hughes's surgeon father Wilfred Kent Hughes.

⁴⁹ Maj. (later Lt-Col.) J.G. Glyn White: Deputy Assistant Director Medical Services (DADMS), 8th Division (Eastern Command) before being sent to Malaya where he became DADMS of AIF in Malaya. Captured with fall of Singapore in February 1942, he became a POW in Changi. He was appointed DADMS and later ADMS, AIF, during captivity. In 1944 was put in charge of Changi Goal area and upon the Japanese surrender became acting ADMS Singapore.

⁵⁰ Lady Diana Cooper, née Manners (1892–1986): actress, socialite, author, and wife of the politician Duff Cooper.

⁵¹ Sir John Bagnall, JP (1888–1954): chairman and managing director of the Straits Trading Company, Singapore. His Canadian wife was Margaret Jardine Turnbull, née Edgar, widow of Alan Turnbull (d.1933). She married Sir John in 1935 and changed her first name to Lynn.

⁵² A.B. Jordan: secretary for Chinese Affairs, Malaya, 1933–1942; interned by the Japanese.

⁵³ Air Chief Marshal Sir Robert Brooke-Popham (1878–1953): British C.-in-C. Far East, 1940–1941.

⁵⁴ Vice Admiral (later Admiral) Sir Geoffrey Layton (1884–1964): C.-in-C., China station, Singapore, 1940–1941.

⁵⁵ Lt-Gen. A.E. Percival (1887–1966): professional soldier appointed General Officer Commanding (Malaya) between 1940 and 1942.

⁵⁶ Mrs Gretchen Howell, née Innes-Noad: one of five daughters of the tea merchant and politician, Sidney Reginald Innes-Noad (1860–1931): a leading Liberal in NSW state politics. Gretchen married Charles Gough Howell, who was the attorney general of the Straits Settlement, 1933–1942. She escaped Singapore in a cattle boat before the island was captured, but her husband was interned by the Japanese and died of dysentery on Formosa in 1943.

⁵⁷ V.G. Bowden (1884–1942): trade commissioner and diplomat. He was Australia's official representative in Singapore and a member of Singapore war council, 1941–1942.

⁵⁸ The Brewster F2A Buffalo was one of the first American-built monoplanes that began service with the US Navy and US Marine Corps in April 1939. Produced between 1938 and 1941, the British, Dutch, and Australians purchased a number of these aeroplanes in 1940 to shore up their inadequate air provision in Malaya and the Dutch East Indies prior to the outbreak of war in the Asia-Pacific. Already becoming obsolete by late 1940, these aircraft proved no match for the faster Japanese fighter planes like the ‘Zero’ and ‘Oscar’.

⁵⁹ Produced between 1938 and 1943, the Lockheed Hudson was a US-built light bomber and coastal reconnaissance aircraft that saw extensive service throughout the Second World War with British, American, and Commonwealth forces.

⁶⁰ Also known as the de Havilland Express, this troubled four-engined passenger plane was built by the de Havilland Aircraft Company between 1934 and 1937. It was pressed into service as an air ambulance and transport aircraft by British Commonwealth forces in the Middle East, Australia, Papua, and New Guinea.

⁶¹ Rear Admiral (later Admiral) Sir John Crace (1887–1968): commander of Australian Cruiser Squadron and Task Force 44, 1939–1942.

⁶² Sir Max Aitken (1879–1964), 1st Baron Beaverbrook: Canadian-born tycoon, newspaper baron, Conservative politician, and owner of the Daily Express. He served in several ministries during Churchill's wartime coalition: minister of aircraft production, 1940–1941; minister of supply, 1941–1942; and minister of war production, 1942.

⁶³ MR refers to Muriel Ross, Page's confidential secretary who accompanied him on this trip.

⁶⁴ William Cotter Burnell Harvey (1897–1981): medical practitioner and thoracic specialist, was the senior physician with the 2/10th Australian General Hospital [AGH] in Malaya. Holding the rank of Lt-Col., he was captured by the Japanese on the fall of Singapore in February 1942 and undertook sterling work, improving the diet of the prisoners during their captivity.

⁶⁵ Maj. E.A. Marsden: colleague of Iven Page at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, attached to the 2/10 AGH. Captured in Singapore, he did exceptional work in Changi gaol before becoming the SMO, Force ‘H’, on the notorious Burma–Siam railway.

⁶⁶ Matron Olive Dorothy Paschke (1905–1942): army matron in charge of nurses attached to the 2/10 AGH in Singapore. During the evacuation she and her staff were onboard the SS Vyner Brooke, which was attacked and sunk in the Banka Strait. She was last seen clutching onto a life raft with several nurses and children. The party were never seen again.

⁶⁷ The overthrow of Fadden's minority government was initiated by two Independent MPs from Victoria, Sir W.A. Coles (1892–1982) and Alexander Wilson (1889–1954), who voted against his budget (see n. 230). Hasluck, Paul, The Government and the People 1939–1941 (Canberra, 1965), 505–523Google Scholar.

⁶⁸ John Curtin (1885–1945): journalist and Labor prime minister of Australia, 1941–1945.

⁶⁹ Brig. K.S. Torrance (1896–1965): born in Canada; served with the Canadian forces during the First World War before transferring to the British Army after the Armistice. He was the chief of staff to Gen. Percival and was a member of the surrender party.

⁷⁰ Air Vice-Marshal William Dowling Bostock (1892–1968): airman, grazier, and politician; deputy chief of the air staff, RAAF, 1939–1942.

⁷¹ L.H. Whittall: British consular agent, transferred to Manila from Hankow in November 1940.

⁷² Stanley Wyatt-Smith: British consul general in Philippines since November 1938.

⁷³ Capt. William J. Priestley: US high commissioner's military aide; taken prisoner by the Japanese when the Philippines fell in 1942.

⁷⁴ Francis B. Sayre (1885–1972): professor at Harvard Law School and US high commissioner of the Philippines, 1939–1942. In 1913 he married Jesse Woodrow Wilson, the daughter of President Woodrow Wilson.

⁷⁵ Lt-Gen. Douglas MacArthur (1880–1964): soldier and C.-in-C. US Army Forces in the Far East.

⁷⁶ Sergio Osmeña y Sucio (1878–1961): founding member of the Nacionalista party, he was vice president of the Philippines from 1935 to 1944 whereupon he succeeded to the presidency upon the death of Manuel L. Quezon in 1944.

⁷⁷ José Yulo (1894–1976): speaker of the Philippine House of Representatives, 1939–1941, and chief justice of the Philippines during the Japanese occupation, 1942–1945.

⁷⁸ Admiral Thomas C. Hart (1877–1971): C.-in-C. US Asiatic Fleet 1939–1942.

⁷⁹ Maj.-Gen. (later Lt-Gen.) George Grunert (1881–1971): commander of the Philippines dept of the US Army, 1940–1941.

⁸⁰ The Consolidated PBY Catalina was an American-built flying boat that was a workhorse for many allied air and naval services during the Second World War. The PBY performed a myriad of tasks including anti-submarine work, air-sea rescue, convoy escort, air reconnaissance, and transport.

⁸¹ Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882–1945): Democratic president of the United States, 1933–1944.

⁸² Manuel L. Quezón y Molina (1878–1944): president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines between 1935 and 1944.

⁸³ Cordell Hull, born in Tennessee (1871–1955): noted Democrat; served in both the House of Representatives and the Senate; strong advocate of freer trade, known best as the longest-serving US secretary of state, 1933–1944.

⁸⁴ Col. Stanley C. MacNulty (1910–1986): civilian commissioned as a base dentist on Guam, 1937–1941.

⁸⁵ Col. George W. Bicknell: assistant G-2 officer to Lt-Gen. Walter C. Short (1880–1949). Short was appointed to command the US Army's Hawaiian dept in February 1941 which oversaw the ground defence of US military installations in the islands and had joint responsibility for aerial defence of the US Navy at Pearl Harbor.

⁸⁶ Frank A. Wallis: an experienced diplomat to China, was appointed British consul general in Honolulu in 1938.

⁸⁷ Cdr C.R. Parry: British naval liaison officer, Hawaii.

⁸⁸ Sir Edwin McCarthy (1896–1980): one of Australia's most senior trade officials; Australia's shipping envoy in Washington 1941–1944.

⁸⁹ Douglas Williams (1893–1975): had worked for Reuters before he was appointed American correspondent for the Daily Telegraph [UK newspaper] in 1933. He fought with the Royal Artillery in both world wars, but with the surrender of France in 1940 joined the ministry of information as director for its American division.

⁹⁰ Joseph Poindexter (1869–1951): governor of Hawaii, 1934–1942.

⁹¹ Admiral H.E. Kimmel (1882–1968): C.-in-C. US Pacific Fleet at the time of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Appointed in February 1941, he was relieved of this command a few days after the attack.

⁹² F.A. O'Connor (1894–1972): capable and respected public servant; in 1936 appointed secretary of the contract board, and later its chairman in 1941. He occupied a key position in the Australian government's wartime procurement operations, and in 1946 he became the secretary of the dept of supply and shipping.

⁹³ Godfrey A. Fisher: British consul general in San Francisco.

⁹⁴ Harry S. Scott: assistant marine superintendent of the US Army transport service during the Spanish–American War; co-founder and manager, General Steamship Corporation.

⁹⁵ Lewis Richard Macgregor (1886–1973): agriculturalist and public servant, the British-born Macgregor was the Australian trade commissioner in North America (1938–1941). He also served as director general of the Australian war supplies procurement mission in Washington and Ottawa. [Throughout the diary Macgregor's name was consistently spelt McGregor. For editorial reasons, the correct spelling has been substituted.]

⁹⁶ F.B. Clapp (1875–1952): general manager of Australian General Electric, 1932–1946; director of purchases for Commonwealth government in New York; and Australian representative on the British purchasing commission. He was also one of the three members of the Australian supply council. Casey and Macgregor were the other two members on the council.

⁹⁷ Marjorie Mary McCarthy, née Graham, wife of Sir Edwin McCarthy.

⁹⁸ Sir William Glasgow (1876–1955): soldier, politician, and diplomat; served as Australia's first high commissioner in Canada, 1939–1945.

⁹⁹ Dr W.J. ‘Bull’ Tart, a veterinary surgeon from Staffordshire, was the father of Wilfred Bailey Tart, a journalist with the Sydney Morning Herald, who married Earle Page's only daughter Mary in 1935. A militia officer before the war, in 1938 Bailey resigned from the paper and became a press relations officer in the dept of defence. In 1940 he was promoted to senior public relations officer in the dept of air with the rank of squadron leader; and soon after appointed as staff officer of the public relations to overseas headquarters, RAAF, London.

¹⁰⁰ The ABCD Front stands for the economic encirclement of Japan by America, Britain, China, and the Netherlands in the form of sanctions initiated in 1937, after Japan attacked Nanking. It was an attempt to restrict Japan's access to important raw materials like iron ore and oil in order to stem Japanese militarism.

¹⁰¹ Prince Fumimaro Konoye (1891–1945): prime minister of Japan twice, 1937–1939, and again 1940–1941.

¹⁰² Directed by Charles Chauvel (1897–1959), this 1940 Australian war film tells the story of three Australians who join the Australian Light Horse, which famously made one of the last cavalry charges of the First World War at the battle of Beersheba during the Sinai and Palestine campaign in 1917.

¹⁰³ Vice Admiral H.V. Danckwerts (1890–1944): naval advisor on the United Kingdom (UK) delegation to the UK–US staff conversations in Washington.

¹⁰⁴ Professor N.F. Hall (1902–1983): academic and economist; served with the Earl of Drogheda as joint director of the ministry of economic warfare.

¹⁰⁵ Page is mistaken about this official's departmental brief, as it refers to Stanley K. Hornbeck (1883–1966), state department official, Far Eastern expert and special advisor to Cordell Hull.

¹⁰⁶ James Forrestal (1892–1949): naval aviator, successful businessman, and activist for the Democratic Party before becoming a special advisor to President Roosevelt in 1940. He was appointed undersecretary to the US Navy, 1940–1944, and then secretary to the navy, 1944–1947.

¹⁰⁷ Sir Esler Dening (1897–1977): British diplomat; served with the AIF during the First World War. He joined the consular service in 1920 and became an expert on Asian affairs until he was transferred to the Foreign Office in 1938. In 1941 he was appointed to Washington as first secretary to the British embassy before his promotion as the chief political advisor to the Supreme Allied Commander, South-East Asia, 1943–1946, Lord Louis Mountbatten.

¹⁰⁸ Sir Clive Latham Baillieu (1889–1967): businessman and financier; during the Second World War worked in the United States as the director general of the British purchasing commission procuring stocks of raw materials for the British war effort. He became deputy chairman of the Federation of British Industries in 1944 and its chairman, 1945–1947.

¹⁰⁹ Ralph William Close (1867–1945): politician and South African envoy in Washington, 1933–1944.

¹¹⁰ Henry A. Wallace (1888–1965): vice president of the United States, 1941–1945; secretary of commerce, 1945–1946.

¹¹¹ Sir Peter Richard Heydon (1913–1971): career civil servant; appointed to Casey's staff in Washington in January 1940, before being transferred to the Australian legation in the Soviet Union in 1943.

¹¹² Edward Frederick Lindley Wood (1881–1959), 1st Earl of Halifax: former viceroy of India, 1926–1931, and foreign secretary, 1938–1940. This senior British cabinet minister replaced Lord Lothian as British ambassador to Washington in 1941 and was in post until 1946.

¹¹³ Edward R. Stettinius, Jr (1900–1949): businessman, US Lease-Lend administrator, and special assistant to President Roosevelt; served as secretary of state, 1944–1945, and then as first US ambassador to the United Nations, 1945–1946.

¹¹⁴ Vice Admiral Emory S. Land (1879–1971): naval architect by training who specialized in submarine construction. Upon retirement he was appointed chairman of the American Maritime Commission, 1938–1945, and from 1942 served concurrently as administrator of the war shipping administration. He was instrumental in developing and building the ‘Liberty’ and ‘Victory’ ships that were crucial in supplying the Allied war effort.

¹¹⁵ Arthur Salter (1881–1975): politician and university professor; entered the civil service in 1904, serving first in the admiralty and the British ministry of shipping. When war broke out in 1939, he was appointed as parliamentary secretary to the ministry of shipping in Neville Chamberlain's wartime government, and then, in March 1941, appointed by Winston Churchill to head a shipping mission to Washington, where he stayed until 1943.

¹¹⁶ Jesse H. Jones (1874–1956): businessman; became US secretary of commerce, 1940–1945.

¹¹⁷ Paul H. Appleby (1891–1963): executive assistant to the US secretary of agriculture, 1933–1940; undersecretary of agriculture, 1940–1944.

¹¹⁸ Angus McDonnell (1881–1966): engineer, Conservative politician, and diplomat, served with the Canadian Army during the First World War. He was appointed to Lord Halifax's staff in 1941 as an honorary attaché to help the new British ambassador link into the extensive business networks that McDonnell had built up prior to the war.

¹¹⁹ Admiral H.R. Stark (1880–1972): US chief of naval operations, 1939–1942.

¹²⁰ USS Kearny was an American destroyer which was torpedoed by a German U-boat in October 1941 when the United States was still a neutral. The destroyer survived the attack and went on to see action off North Africa and in the Mediterranean.

¹²¹ Cdr D.H. Harries: Australian naval attaché, Washington, 1941–1942.

¹²² Evalyn Walsh McLean (1886–1947): US mining heiress and socialite; in 1908 married Edward Beale McLean, heir to the publishing fortune which included the Washington Post.

¹²³ Virginia Gordon Stettinius, née Wallace (1903–1972): wife of E.R. Stettinius.

¹²⁴ Elsa Maxwell (1883–1963): US gossip columnist, author, and professional hostess.

¹²⁵ Robert A. Taft (1889–1953), eldest son of former president William H. Taft. Robert was a Republican senator from Ohio, known for his conservative views, non-interventionism, and ambitions to become a future president.

¹²⁶ Sir Howard d'Egville (1879–1965): barrister, editor, and secretary of the UK chapter of the Empire Parliamentary Association (1911–1949) and the first secretary general of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association, 1949–1960.

¹²⁷ Gen. George C. Marshall (1880–1959): chief of staff of the US Army and future secretary of state under President Harry S. Truman.

¹²⁸ William Lockhart Clayton (1880–1966): business leader and government official who returned to office in 1940 in multiple roles with the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, Export-Import Bank, and dept of commerce specifically to procure strategic materials for the US and thereby deny them to the Axis Powers.

¹²⁹ H.F. Carlill (1875–1959): assistant secretary, general dept, board of trade, 1928–1940, and delegate to Washington wheat meeting, 1941–1942.

¹³⁰ Harry O. Hawkins: chief of the state department's trade agreements division, 1936–1943.

¹³¹ Dr L.A. Wheeler: director of foreign agricultural relations, dept of agriculture, and war food administration.

¹³² Dr P.R. Viljoen (1889–1964): veterinary surgeon, public servant, and diplomat; chairman of the national marketing board, 1937–1945, member of national food council (1940–1945), and later became South Africa's first high commissioner in Canada, 1945–1949.

¹³³ Claude R. Wickard (1893–1967): Indiana farmer and Democratic politician; US secretary of agriculture, 1940–1945, responsible for the war foods administration.

¹³⁴ Betty Bryant (1920–2005): Bristol-born actress best known for playing the lead in the highly successful adventure-romance-cum-propaganda film, ‘40,000 Horsemen’ (1940). (See n. 102).

¹³⁵ Dean Acheson (1893–1971): lawyer, statesman, and dedicated Democrat; in 1941 appointed US assistant secretary of state responsible for implementing Lease-Lend; appointed as secretary of state by President Harry S. Truman, 1949–1953.

¹³⁶ J.P. ‘Jack’ Morgan, Jnr (1867–1943): investment banker and son of the founder of the Morgan financial empire.

¹³⁷ Politician and playboy, Capt. H.H. Balfour (1897–1988): Conservative MP and parliamentary undersecretary of state for air, 1938–1944.

¹³⁸ W. Averell Harriman (1891–1986): businessman, politician, and diplomat; appointed in 1941 as Roosevelt's special envoy to Europe. In charge of co-ordinating Lease-Lend, one of Harriman's first assignments was to travel to Moscow in the autumn of 1941 to negotiate an agreement with the Soviets.

¹³⁹ Air Vice-Marshal S.J. Goble (1891–1948): acting CAS who became head of Australian air liaison, Ottawa, 1940–1945, upon his resignation as CAS.

¹⁴⁰ C.V. Kellway: finance member of the air board, 1940–1941.

¹⁴¹ Noel St. Clair Deschamps: official secretary to the high commissioner for Australia in Canada, 1940–1943.

¹⁴² William Lyon Mackenzie King (1874–1950): leader of the Liberal Party and Canada's wartime prime minister.

¹⁴³ Sir Winston Churchill (1874–1965): soldier, politician, and author; British prime minister, 1940–1945 and 1951–1955.

¹⁴⁴ Robert Menzies (1894–1978): lawyer, politician, leader of the UAP, and prime minister of Australia, 1939–1941 and 1949–1966; knighted in 1963.

¹⁴⁵ C.D. Howe (1886–1960): US-born civil engineer, politician, and businessman; appointed Canadian minister of munitions and supplies, 1940–1944.

¹⁴⁶ T.A. Crerar (1876–1975): Liberal politician and minister of mines and resources. He was also the only Canadian cabinet minister during the Second World War to have served in a wartime administration during the First World War.

¹⁴⁷ Norman Alexander McLarty (1889–1945): Canadian minister of labour, 1939–1941. Price fixing fell under his departmental remit.

¹⁴⁸ W. Clifford Clark (1889–1952): professor of commerce at Queen's University and civil servant; appointed deputy minister of finance in 1933.

¹⁴⁹ Malcolm MacDonald (1901–1981), son of the former Labour prime minister Ramsay MacDonald: prior to the war served as secretary of state for both the colonies and dominions; served with distinction as the UK high commissioner to Ottawa, 1941–1946.

¹⁵⁰ W.C. Hankinson: private secretary to British high commissioner in Canada, 1939–1942.

¹⁵¹ Jay Pierrepont Moffat (1896–1943): statesman, diplomat, and businessman; US ambassador to Australia, 1935–1937, and Canada, 1940–1943.

¹⁵² F.E.H. Groenman: Dutch gezant (envoy) in Ottawa, 1939–1942.

¹⁵³ David de Waal Meyer: first appointed as South Africa's trade commissioner to Montreal in 1933. In 1938 his title was elevated to ‘accredited representative’ and he served in that role until 1945.

¹⁵⁴ Annie Isabel Glasgow, née Stumm, was the daughter of Jacob Stumm, journalist, editor of the Gympie Times and Liberal representative for the federal seat of Lilley, 1913–1917.

¹⁵⁵ Arthur Besse: chairman of the US national association of wool manufacturers.

¹⁵⁶ Thomas W. Lamont (1870–1948): banker, financier, and chief executive to J.P. Morgan.

¹⁵⁷ Russell Cornell Leffingwell (1878–1960): was a highly regarded Wall Street lawyer; during the First World War, assistant secretary to the treasury under President Wilson. He began working for J.P. Morgan and Company in 1923, quickly becoming a partner and headed up its wartime activities during the Second World War.

¹⁵⁸ Junius S. Morgan III (1892–1960), eldest son of J.P. Morgan (Jnr): a director of J.P. Morgan and Company, as well as serving as an executive committee member on a number of its subsidiaries. A naval reservist, he was placed on active duty when Japan declared war in December 1941 and in August 1942 served with the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) for the remainder of the war.

¹⁵⁹ Francis Dwight Bartow (1876–1945): banker; a vice president of First National Bank, 1915, before joining J.P. Morgan in 1924 and becoming a partner in 1926.

¹⁶⁰ Warren Randolph Burgess (1889–1978): former vice president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and head of the American Bankers Association; vice chairman of National City Bank, 1938. One of the top three men in the National City Bank; deputy to the US secretary of state to the treasury, 1953; appointed undersecretary to the treasury in Dwight D. Eisenhower's administration, 1954.

¹⁶¹ Alfred E. Smith (1873–1944): politician, former governor of New York; Democratic presidential candidate in the 1920s, but took an anti-New Deal and anti-Roosevelt stance. Smith was president of the Empire State Building in the 1930s.

¹⁶² Sir Ashley Sparks (1877–1964): resident director of Cunard Steamship Company in the United States, 1917–1950; Britain's US representative for the ministry of shipping, 1939–1941, and for the ministry of war transport, 1941–1945.

¹⁶³ Howard C. Sheperd (1894–1980): rose from graduate trainee and assistant cashier to become a leading US banker; president, director, and eventually chairman of First National City Bank, 1952–1959.

¹⁶⁴ Fiorello H. La Guardia (1882–1947): Republican mayor of New York who served three terms between 1934 and 1945.

¹⁶⁵ R.W. Singleton: assistant area officer, ministry of supply.

¹⁶⁶ Stanley Melbourne Bruce (1883–1967), 1st Viscount Bruce: businessman, public servant, and former prime minister, 1923–1929, played a pivotal role as Australia's high commissioner in London, 1933–1945.

¹⁶⁷ Gertrude Lawrence (1898–1952): renowned English actress, musical performer, and singer who performed in London and on Broadway.

¹⁶⁸ Former King Edward VIII, became the Duke of Windsor (1894–1972) after his abdication in 1936. His wife, the American divorcée Wallis Simpson (1896–1986), became the Duchess of Windsor upon their marriage in 1937. Between 1940 and 1945 he was governor of the Bahamas.

¹⁶⁹ W.G. Weston (1898–1978): Canadian-born industrialist and food manufacturer who moved to the UK in 1934 and became the National Unionist MP for Macclesfield, 1940–1945.

¹⁷⁰ Sir Peter Garran (1910–1991): lawyer and public servant; UK diplomatic service, 1934–1970; son of Sir Robert Garran (1867–1957).

¹⁷¹ Sir Ronald H. Campbell (1883–1953): career diplomat who held several key overseas postings including British ambassador to Portugal, 1940–1945.

¹⁷² Helen, Lady Campbell, née Graham: wife of the ambassador, Sir Ronald H. Campbell.

¹⁷³ António de Oliveira Salazar (1889–1970): professor, politician, prime minister, and founder of the Estado Novo; dictator, led the right-wing government of Portugal, 1932–1968.

¹⁷⁴ Lady Barbara Violet Bevan, née Bingham (1902–1963), wife of Col. John Henry Bevan (1894–1974) and daughter of the 5th Earl of Lucan. Her husband was involved in espionage and deception, and commanded the secret London Controlling Section from May 1942 which was responsible for co-ordinating Allied strategic military deception.

¹⁷⁵ A.E. Hyland: former chairman of the Victorian betterment and publicity board; seconded by the Commonwealth government in 1926 to become director of the Australian trade publicity dept in the UK. In 1940 he was appointed Australia's representative in London for the aircraft production branch of the munitions dept.

¹⁷⁶ Viscount Cranborne (1893–1972): Conservative MP, later the 5th Marquess of Salisbury, secretary of state for dominion affairs, 1940–1942 and 1943–1945.

¹⁷⁷ Rear Admiral Sir Arthur Bromley (1876–1961): private secretary to Viscount Cranborne and ceremonial secretary to the colonial and dominions offices.

¹⁷⁸ Robert Anthony Eden (1897–1977), 1st Earl of Avon: Conservative politician who served in a number of ministerial portfolios before, during, and after the Second World War, most notably as foreign secretary, 1935–1938, 1940–1945, and 1951–1955; British prime minister, 1955–1957.

¹⁷⁹ Robert Molesworth Kindersley (1871–1954), 1st Baron Kindersley: stockbroker, businessman, and merchant banker. Kindersley was a director of the Bank of England, 1914–1946, and a British member of the Dawes Commission in 1924.

¹⁸⁰ A.V. Alexander (1885–1965), 1st Earl Alexander of Hillsborough: Labour MP and first lord of the admiralty, 1940–1945.

¹⁸¹ Maurice Hankey (1877–1963), 1st Baron Hankey: former cabinet secretary, 1916–1938, and former secretary of the committee of imperial defence, 1912–1938; paymaster general at the time of Page's visit.

¹⁸² Sir John Madsen (1879–1969): Australian-born physicist and engineer; became the foundation professor of electrical engineering at the University of Sydney, 1920–1949; led Australia's contribution to the allied development of radar during the Second World War.

¹⁸³ Herbert Stanley Morrison (1888–1965), Baron Morrison of Lambeth: highly experienced Labour politician who was minister of supply, 1940, and home secretary, 1940–1945.

¹⁸⁴ Field Marshal Sir John Dill (1881–1944): senior British Army officer with service in both world wars. He was chief of the imperial general staff (CIGS) from May 1940 to December 1941, before moving to Washington as chief of the British joint staff mission and then senior British representative on the CCS.

¹⁸⁵ Frederick James Leathers (1883–1965), 1st Viscount Leathers: British industrialist; chairman of P&O shipping, 1931. He became minister of war transport from 1941 until the war's end.

¹⁸⁶ Frederick James Marquis (1883–1964), 1st Earl of Woolton: businessman and Conservative MP; wartime minister of food, 1940–1943.

¹⁸⁷ Sir Geoffrey H. Shakespeare (1893–1980): Liberal MP; parliamentary undersecretary of state for dominion affairs, 1940–1942.

¹⁸⁸ James Sinclair McGibbon (1875–1943): accountant, political fund-raiser, and member of the Country Party; appointed by Menzies in 1941 to represent the Australian government in its business and financial dealings abroad on matters relating to the armed services.

¹⁸⁹ John Moore-Brabazon (1884–1964), 1st Baron Brabazon of Tara: pioneer in aviation who became a Conservative MP in 1918. He served as minister of transport, 1940–1941, and replaced Lord Beaverbrook as minister of aircraft production, 1941–1942.

¹⁹⁰ Hugh Dalton (1887–1962): economist and leading Labour MP; minister of economic warfare, 1940–1942, and president of the board of trade, 1942–1945.

¹⁹¹ R.S. Hudson (1886–1957): Conservative politician; minister of agriculture and fisheries in Churchill's wartime government.

¹⁹² Alfred Thorp Stirling (1902–1981): Australian diplomat; attached to the British cabinet office as the Australian liaison officer, 1937; later integral member of the Australian high commission on the Strand, 1937–1945.

¹⁹³ Walter Elliot (1888–1958): prominent Scottish Unionist Party politician during the interwar period; served in a number of cabinet roles including secretary of state for Scotland, 1936–1938; minister of health, 1938–1940; and director of public relations at the war office, 1941–1942.

¹⁹⁴ E.W. McAlpine became editor-in-chief of Australian Consolidated Press. During the Second World War he was a special correspondent and editor for several Australian newspapers in London, including the Daily Telegraph and Sunday Telegraph (Sydney), The Argus (Melbourne), and the Sunday Times (Perth).

¹⁹⁵ J.B. Wilson: managing editor of the Daily Express; chief publicity officer for the ministry of supply, 1941–1942.

¹⁹⁶ Brendan Bracken (1901–1958): publisher and Conservative politician, close confidant of Winston Churchill; appointed minister of information, 1941–1945. A rebellious youth, he was sent by his family to Australia between 1915 and 1919.

¹⁹⁷ W.S. Robinson (1876–1963): businessman, industrialist, and politician; made his fortune in the mining industry eventually becoming head of the conglomerate Collins House Group. He was an inveterate traveller during the Second World War, and was also H.V. Evatt's advisor on his 1942 trip to London.

¹⁹⁸ Sir Alfred Dudley Pound (1877–1943): an experienced naval officer; first sea lord and admiral of the fleet, 1939–1943.

¹⁹⁹ Sir Andrew Duncan (1884–1952): industrial administrator, public servant, and Conservative MP. Duncan was a director of the Bank of England; president of the board of trade, 1940 and 1941–1942; and minister of supply, 1940–1941 and 1942–1945.

²⁰⁰ Sir Edward Bridges (1892–1969): career civil servant; replaced Sir Maurice Hankey as cabinet secretary, 1939–1946. He then became permanent secretary to the Treasury and head of the civil service until 1956.

²⁰¹ King George II (1890–1947): took his government into exile in 1941 after the German invasion of Greece.

²⁰² Montague Norman (1871–1950), 1st Baron Norman: longest-serving governor of the Bank of England, 1920–1944.

²⁰³ This was a prominent grazier family with long-standing political interests in NSW.

²⁰⁴ Dr Strenopoulos Germanos (1872–1951): archbishop of Thyateria and Metropolitan; in 1922 became the first archbishop of the newly founded Metropolis of Thyateria responsible for all Greek Orthodox communities in western and central Europe.

²⁰⁵ Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek (1887–1975): military leader, founding member of the Kuomintang, and political leader of the Republic of China, 1925–1975.

²⁰⁶ Countess Lytton, née Chichele-Plowden (1873–1971): society beauty and former sweetheart of Winston Churchill, she was the wife of the second Earl of Lytton (1876–1947), politician, and colonial administrator.

²⁰⁷ Leslie Hore-Belisha (1893–1957): barrister and Liberal National MP; secretary of state for war in Neville Chamberlain's government, 1937–1940.

²⁰⁸ Sir (later Viscount) R.B. Bennett (1870–1947): lawyer, businessman, and former Conservative prime minister of Canada, 1930–1935; retired to the UK in 1938 and worked briefly for Lord Beaverbrook in the ministry of aircraft production, 1940–1941.

²⁰⁹ Harry L. Nathan (1889–1963), 1st Baron Nathan: solicitor who started off as a Liberal MP for Bethnal Green, 1929, before defecting to the Labour Party in 1934.

²¹⁰ Maj.-Gen. K.G. Buchanan: formerly of the Seaforth Highlanders. Had retired in 1938 but was active with soldiers’ welfare issues and had been, since 1939, secretary of the National Defence Public Interest Committee.

²¹¹ Elizabeth Adair Craig, wife of Capt. Iven Page. They were married in Belfast in September 1941.

²¹² Maj.-Gen. Sir Hastings ‘Pug’ Ismay (1887–1965), 1st Baron Ismay: soldier and diplomat who during the Second World War became invaluable to Churchill as deputy secretary (military) in the British war cabinet.

²¹³ Maj. John ‘Jack’ Spencer Churchill (1880–1947): soldier, businessman, and younger brother of the prime minister; aide to Ismay during the Second World War.

²¹⁴ Professor Sir Henry Clay (1883–1954): economist and advisor to the Bank of England, 1930–1944.

²¹⁵ C.J.W. Hopkins, assistant director of naval construction, admiralty.

²¹⁶ Maj.-Gen. Ridley Pakenham Pakenham-Walsh (1888–1966): a former instructor at RMC Duntroon, was not the GOC.-in-C., Northern Command, as Page suggests, but was instead GOC IX Corps, which was headquartered in the region.

²¹⁷ Maj.-Gen. Percy Hobart, DSO, MC (1885–1957): OC 11th Armoured Division based in Yorkshire.

²¹⁸ John James Lawson (1881–1965), 1st Baron Lawson: former miner, trade unionist, and Labour MP who served as deputy regional commissioner, northern region.

²¹⁹ This reference is a conflation of two dockyards on the Tyne. The ‘S’ refers to Smith's Docks, a long-established British shipbuilding firm begun in 1810. The company built armed trawlers and corvettes for the Royal Navy during the Second World War. The ‘J’ is probably for John Readhead and Sons (1865–1974), shipbuilders and ship-repairers in South Shields.

²²⁰ Commissioned in 1940, HMS King George V was one of the most modern battleships in the Royal Navy.

²²¹ James Neill and Co. of Sheffield was founded in 1889: a steel manufacturer which specialized in composite steels for the tool and die industry; during the Second World War it manufactured armaments and spare parts for the aircraft industry.

²²² Hudson Ewbanke Kearley (1856–1934), 1st Viscount Devonport: former tea importer who became a Liberal MP in 1892. He was the first chairman of the Port of London Authority and served briefly as minister of food control, 1916–1917.

²²³ Sir Cyril Hurcomb (1883–1975): long-serving civil servant; director general for the ministry of transport, 1939–1941, and its successor, the ministry of war transport, 1941–1947.

²²⁴ Herbrand Edward Dundonald Brassey Sackville (1900–1976), 9th Earl de la Warr: chairman of the raw materials control board (flax), ministry of supply.

²²⁵ Charles Maurice Elton Gifford (1899–1961), 5th Baron Gifford: naval and air officer who served in both world wars. In 1930 he was the ADC to the newly appointed governor of NSW, 1930–1935, Air Vice-Marshal Sir Philip Woolcott Game. Gifford married Australian-born, Ellice Margaret Allen, from Sydney, in 1939.

²²⁶ Sir Archibald Sinclair (1890–1970): leader of the Liberal Party, 1935–1945, and close associate of Winston Churchill; appointed secretary of state for air, 1940–1945.

²²⁷ Graeme K. Howard (1896?–1962): American isolationist and author of America and a New World Order (1940); overseas manager and vice president of General Motors Company.

²²⁸ James Gomer Berry (1883–1968), 1st Baron Kemsley: leading newspaper proprietor of his day. Chairman of Allied Newspapers and Allied Northern Newspapers, he was also editor-in-chief of the Sunday Times, chairman of the Daily Sketch and Sunday Graphic, and director of the Western Mail.

²²⁹ Sir Louis Bussau (1884–1947): Country Party politician from Victoria; Agent General for that state, 1938–1944; chairman of the Australian Wheat Board, 1945. Page means that Bussau called round to where Page was staying in London.

²³⁰ Alexander Wilson (1889–1954): farmer and initially a Country Party politician who worked assiduously for wheat farmers in Victoria. From 1928 he helped build up the Victorian Wheat Growers’ Association and became its president in 1938, as well as vice chairman of the Australian Wheat Growers’ Federation. He, with A.W. Coles, crossed the floor to join the ALP in 1941 and so brought down Fadden's administration.

²³¹ Michael Francis Troy (1877–1953): experienced Labor politician from Western Australia; former speaker and cabinet minister in the state legislature, 1904–1939. Upon his retirement from state politics, he was appointed Agent General for Western Australia, 1939–1947.

²³² Sir Charles McCann (1880–1951): trade commissioner who was the Agent General for South Australia, 1934–1951.

²³³ Leonard Henry Pike (1885–1961): public servant of long-standing, he worked in the Queensland Agent General's office from 1927 and was acting Agent General several times before being given the official designation in 1943. He resigned as Agent General in 1951.

²³⁴ On 12 November 1941, Page was invited to a special meeting of the British war cabinet (his second) where he outlined Australia's position in the Pacific and the threats arising from Japan's attitude. Led by Bruce, the high commission's staff worked tirelessly to provide Page with a comprehensive set of concerns, the focus of which was the urgent need to reinforce Singapore with 336 aeroplanes, especially reconnaissance types, to act as an effective deterrent against Japan. Eden outlined four scenarios, but admitted it was difficult to maintain ‘a tidy diplomatic front’. There was no direct mention of Singapore by the foreign secretary, which suggests why Bruce was so disappointed by Eden's reaction to the Australian memorandum. Copy of WM(41)112 conclusion, minute 1, confidential annex, 12 November 1941, in ‘Sir Earle Page's Mission Abroad – Far Eastern Defence (1941)’, item 324/1941, CRS A2671, NAA. For Page's reportage of events, see DAFP, Vol. 5: July 1941–June 1942 (Canberra, 1982), documents 110 and 113, pp. 191–196 and 199–203.

²³⁵ Admiral (later Sir) Ragnar Musgrave Colvin (1882–1954): distinguished naval officer; in late 1937 became the first naval member of the Australian naval board; chief of the Australian naval staff, 1937–1941.

²³⁶ J.A. Lyons (1879–1939): Tasmanian-born prime minister of Australia, 1931–1939. He began his career as a politician in the ALP and served as Tasmania's state premier, 1923–1928. In 1929 he joined the Commonwealth government of James Scullin (1876–1953) but, after Labor's split in 1931, he became a founding member of the UAP.

²³⁷ House of Commons Papers, no 83. Public Income and Expenditure. Year ended 31st March 1941 (29 April 1941); Hansard, House of Commons Debates, 7 April 1941, vol 370, cols 1304–8; ibid., 8 April 1941, vol 370, cols 1439–1523.

²³⁸ Frank L. McDougall (1884–1958): prominent authority on food, nutrition, and imperial trade, a staunch supporter of imperial preference and a member of the empire marketing board; best known as a key economic advisor to the Commonwealth government and the Australian high commission, London. In 1941–1942, he worked with the Australian economic mission in Washington.

²³⁹ J.G. Winant (1889–1947): Republican politician and twice governor of New Hampshire; United States ambassador to the United Kingdom, 1941–1946.

²⁴⁰ Bernard Anson Westerbrook (1884–1969): home office chief technical advisor for the fire service.

²⁴¹ John Jestyn Llewellin (1893–1957), 1st Baron Llewellin: Conservative MP; parliamentary secretary in ministry of supply, 1939–1940, ministry of aircraft production, 1940–1941, and ministry of war transport, 1941–1942; president of the board of trade, 1942; and minister resident in Washington for supply, 1942–1943.

²⁴² John Llewellyn Lewis (1880–1969): instrumental figure in American organized labor; served as president of the United Mine Workers of America (UMW), 1920–1960.

²⁴³ Philip Murray (1886–1952): steelworker and an American labor leader; vice president of the UMW, 1920–1942, and the first president of the United Steelworkers of America, 1942–1952.

²⁴⁴ Air Chief Marshal Sir Charles Portal (1893–1971): C.-in-C. Bomber Command, 1940, and CAS, 1940–1945.

²⁴⁵ Built by the Bristol Aeroplane Company, the Bristol Blenheim was a twin-engined light bomber which saw extensive service in the early part of the Second World War.

²⁴⁶ Col. (later Maj.-Gen.) Sir Thomas MacDonald ‘Donald’ Banks (1891–1975): member of the import duties advisory committee since 1939. He had also served as permanent secretary to the air ministry, 1936–1938, and as first permanent undersecretary of state for air, 1938–1939, travelling to Australia and New Zealand in 1939 as part of a British air mission.

²⁴⁷ Sir Horace Wilson (1882–1972): principal private secretary to the chancellor of the exchequer, Sir Kingsley Wood MP. (See n. 269.)

²⁴⁸ Lt-Gen. Sir Henry Pownall (1887–1961): senior British Army officer who in 1941 was the vice chief of the imperial general staff.

²⁴⁹ The Bristol Beaufort bomber, built by the Bristol Aeroplane Company, was the RAF's main torpedo bomber 1940–1943.

²⁵⁰ Ronald Arthur Vestey (1898–1987), fourth of five sons of Sir Edmund Hoyle Vestey (1866–1953). Ronald and his brother (Lord) William Vestey (1859–1940) were pioneers in refrigeration and, from northern Australia, where they had founded a vast beef cattle industry, established a world-wide empire which revolved around the importation and processing of foods globally, aided by the establishment of their own shipping firm, the Blue Star Line, established in 1911.

²⁵¹ Sir Arthur Greenwood (1880–1954): Labour MP, deputy leader of the party; member of Churchill's war cabinet and minister without portfolio, 1940–1942.

²⁵² Sir Keith Murdoch (1885–1952): Australian journalist and publishing magnate.

²⁵³ Senator Allan MacDonald (1892–1978): born in Scotland; veteran of Gallipoli; staunch imperialist and member of the UAP. He was appointed to the Australian Senate for Western Australia, 1935–1947.

²⁵⁴ John Hampden (c.1594–1643): leading English parliamentarian who challenged the authority of King Charles I and fought against the monarchy in the English Civil War.

²⁵⁵ James Edward Hubert Gascoyne-Cecil (1861–1947), 4th Marquess of Salisbury: Conservative politician who held several junior cabinet posts. His wife was Lady Cicely Alice Gore (1867–1955), second daughter of Arthur Gore, 5th Earl of Arran.

²⁵⁶ Leo Amery (1873–1955): journalist, politician, and arch imperialist; secretary of state for India and Burma, 1940–1945.

²⁵⁷ Gen. Charles de Gaulle (1890–1970): leader of the Free French movement and future president of France.

²⁵⁸ John Gunther (1901–1970): American author and journalist who became a war correspondent during the Second World War. He was the author of the highly acclaimed Inside series written in the 1940s and 1950s.

²⁵⁹ Florence Louise ‘Byrdie’ Amery, née Greenwood, Canadian-born sister of the Liberal MP and barrister, Hamar Greenwood (Lord Greenwood).

²⁶⁰ Gen. Maxime Weygand (1867–1965): French military commander in both world wars, became a leading figure in the Vichy government led by Marshal Philippe Pétain.

²⁶¹ Marie Adelaide Freeman-Thomas, née Brassey (1875–1960), Marchioness of Willingdon: fourth daughter of the naval expert and Liberal politician, Thomas Brassey (1836–1918), 1st Baron (later Earl) Brassey.

²⁶² V.C. Duffy: Australia's liaison officer in the Foreign Office, 1929–1931; official secretary to Australian high commission.

²⁶³ A.P. Timms was an acting assistant officer in the dept of overseas trade.

²⁶⁴ Keith William ‘Bluey’ Truscott (1916–1943): former Australian Rules footballer with the Melbourne football club who joined the RAAF in 1940. A fighter ace, he was one of its best-known Spitfire pilots and would command No. 452 Squadron in England before being redeployed to Papua and New Guinea with No. 76 Squadron in July 1942.

²⁶⁵ Sergeant-Pilot Alec C. Roberts (RAAF): Australian Spitfire pilot from Lismore, NSW, was shot down and reported missing while on a mission over France in July 1941.

²⁶⁶ Sir Felix Pole (1877–1956): industrialist and British railway manager; became the chairman of Associated Electrical Industries.

²⁶⁷ F.C.G. Young (1877–1955): worked at the air ministry, 1918–1944; chairman of the miscellaneous trades joint council for government industrial establishments, 1939–1944.

²⁶⁸ Ernest Bevin (1881–1951): trade unionist, general secretary of the Transport and General Workers’ Union, 1922–1940; minister of labour, 1940–1945, and foreign secretary, 1945–1951.

²⁶⁹ Sir Howard Kingsley Wood (1881–1943): solicitor and Conservative MP; chancellor of the exchequer, 1940–1943.

²⁷⁰ Halliday G. Sutherland (1882–1960): noted physician and author who specialized in combatting tuberculosis. He had toured Australia and New Zealand in 1939–1940.

²⁷¹ Dr Hsu Mo (1893–1956): lawyer, politician, and diplomat appointed in 1941 as China's first ambassador to Australia.

²⁷² Sir Charles Francis McCann (1880–1951): started his career in the produce export dept in Adelaide where he learned his trade in meat processing and export. In 1911 he became South Australia's trade commissioner in London, and after working in the private sector, then Agent General and trade commissioner for South Australia, 1934–1951.

²⁷³ George Lawson Johnston (1873–1943), 1st Baron Luke: businessman, former director of Lloyds Bank and chairman of Bovril Limited, the liquid beef product his father had invented in 1870 from which the company was rebranded in 1889.

²⁷⁴ J.S. Duncan (1886–1949): public servant and diplomat; official secretary of the Australian high commission in London, 1938–1942; later deputy high commissioner, 1942–1946.

²⁷⁵ Stephen Drummond Chalmers (1877–1919): graduate of Sydney and Cambridge universities who died at the young age of 42, but not before making significant contributions to mathematics, practical optics, and their application for military purposes during the First World War.

²⁷⁶ Hugo Hirst (1863–1943), 1st Baron Hirst: became a naturalized British subject in 1883 when he changed his German name from Hirsch to Hirst. An industrialist, he was the co-founder of the General Electric Company and became its chairman in 1910.

²⁷⁷ Sir Leslie Gamage (1887–1972), oldest son of Arthur Walter Gamage (1858–1930), owner of Gamage's department stores. Leslie succeeded Hirst as chairman and managing director of GEC upon his father-in-law's death in 1943.

²⁷⁸ Cyril Page (1895–1974): Sir Earle's younger brother, an engineer by training.

²⁷⁹ John Allsebrook Simon (1873–1954), 1st Viscount Simon: British politician who held senior cabinet posts including home secretary, foreign secretary, and chancellor of the exchequer; lord chancellor, 1940–1945.

²⁸⁰ Leslie Burgin (1887–1945): Liberal National MP who served in Neville Chamberlain's government first as minister of transport, 1937–1939, and briefly as the first minister of supply, 1939.

²⁸¹ Sir Harry E. Brittain (1873–1974): journalist, founder of the Empire Press Union (1909), and one-time Conservative MP who promoted closer ties between Britain and the United States through the Pilgrims Society.

²⁸² Dr R.M. Campbell (1897–1974): official secretary, New Zealand high commission in London, 1940–1946.

²⁸³ Maj. Harry Louis Nathan (1889–1963), 1st Baron Nathan: Liberal politician who defected to the Labour Party in 1934. A leading member of the Anglo-Jewish community, he obtained cabinet rank after the war in Clement Attlee's post-war government.

²⁸⁴ Col. (later Brig.) A.W. Wardell: military liaison officer and advisor to Bruce at the Australian high commission, London, 1941–1942.

²⁸⁵ Joseph Stalin (1878–1953): general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1922 and Soviet premier, 1941–1953.

²⁸⁶ DAFP, Vol. 5, document 158, pp. 270–272.

²⁸⁷ Maj. (later Lt-Col.) John Jacob Astor (1886–1971), 1st Baron Astor of Hever: American-born English newspaper proprietor, company director, military officer, Conservative MP for Dover, president of the Empire Press Union, and most notably the owner of The Times, 1922–1966.

²⁸⁸ Brig.-Gen. Sir Harold Hartley (1878–1972): director of The Times Publishing Company 1936–1960.

²⁸⁹ Sir Campbell Stuart (1885–1972): Canadian newspaper baron; orchestrated British propaganda operations during both world wars.

²⁹⁰ (Maj.) Sydney ‘Syd’ Middleton (1884–1945): Olympian, champion rower, and rugby union player who toured England with the Wallabies, 1908–1909. He took up residence in London after the First World War, worked in finance and became the director of the Austral Development Trust, a member of the London boards of the British and Australian Lead Manufacturers, Emperor Mines, and Loloma gold mines.

²⁹¹ Edgar Wikner Percival (1897–1984): noted Australian aircraft designer.

²⁹² Éamon de Valera (1882–1975): Irish statesman and politician; as Taoiseach and leader of Fianna Fáil, governed neutral Ireland during the Second World War.

²⁹³ Field Marshal Alan Francis Brooke (1883–1963), 1st Viscount Alanbrooke: senior British officer; in 1941, succeeded Sir John Dill as CIGS.

²⁹⁴ Arthur Balfour (1873–1957), 1st Baron Riverdale: highly successful steel manufacturer from Sheffield who served as an advisor for a multitude of bodies dealing with trade, industry, and scientific research. In 1939 he was chairman of the UK air mission to Ottawa that helped establish the Empire Air Training Scheme.

²⁹⁵ Maj.-Gen. William C. Holden (1893–1955): military member and controller-general, army provision, Eastern Group Supply Council, 1941–1942. His wife was Claire Ethel, née Jessop.

²⁹⁶ Sir John Bradley Abraham (1881–1945): deputy undersecretary of state, air ministry, 1940.

²⁹⁷ Lt-Gen. Sir Alexander Hood (1888–1980): director general of British Army Medical Services, 1941–1948.

²⁹⁸ Sir Henry Strakosch (1871–1943): banker and financial consultant, closely tied to the industrial development of South Africa's gold mining sector.

²⁹⁹ William George Tyrrell (1866–1947), 1st Baron Tyrrell: British diplomat and civil servant; ambassador to France 1928–1934.

³⁰⁰ Kathleen Manning (1863–1955), second wife of Viscount Simon: abolitionist, and staunch campaigner against all forms of servitude and racial discrimination.

³⁰¹ Lady Augusta Caldecote, née Boyle, was the daughter of a British naval commander, David Boyle (1833–1915), 7th Earl of Glasgow: governor of New Zealand, 1892–1897.

³⁰² Sir Thomas Inskip (1876–1947), 1st Viscount Caldecote: Conservative politician; minister of defence co-ordination, 1936–1939; lord chancellor, 1939–1940; secretary of state for dominion affairs, 1939 and 1940; and lord chief justice, 1940–1945.

³⁰³ (Col.) Michael Willoughby (1887–1970), 11th Baron Middleton: soldier and British peer; became vice chancellor of the University of Hull, 1954–1970.

³⁰⁴ (Col.) Sir Alfred Edward Webb-Johnson (1880–1958), 1st Baron Webb-Johnson: British surgeon; president of the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS), 1941–1949.

³⁰⁵ Charles H. Kellaway (1889–1952): medical scientist; acting professor of anatomy at the University of Adelaide in early 1915; served with the AAMC in Egypt and France, 1915–1918. As the scientific consultant to all the medical services in the Australian armed forces during the Second World War, he was particularly noted for pioneering developments in blood transfusion.

³⁰⁶ Sir Cuthbert Wallace (1867–1944): British surgeon; served in France during the First World War as a consulting surgeon; president of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, 1935–1938; during the Second World War served as representative on the British Army's Medical Advisory Board and chairman of the Medical Advisory Board.

³⁰⁷ The Short Sunderland flying boat was a long-range patrol/maritime reconnaissance plane initially designed for civilian traffic, but became the mainstay of many allied airforces during the Second World War.

³⁰⁸ Sir Charles Worthington Craven (1884–1944): former Cdr, RN; chairman and managing director of Vickers-Armstrong; member of the air council, 1940, and controller-general at the ministry of aircraft production, 1941–1942.

³⁰⁹ Lady Sibyl Colefax (1874–1950): renowned interior decorator; businesswoman and founder of Colefax and Fowler Ltd; socialite.

³¹⁰ Field Marshal Philip Walhouse Chetwode (1869–1950): celebrated officer who fought in the South African War, 1899–1902, and in the First World War, in which he distinguished himself in the Sinai and Palestine campaigns. Between 1919 and 1934 he served in India in a number of senior posts including C.-in-C. India, 1930–1935; he was responsible for the modernization and ‘Indianization’ of the Indian Army.

³¹¹ Vincent Massey (1887–1967): businessman, philanthropist, lawyer, and diplomat; served as Canada's high commissioner in London, 1935–1946.

³¹² DAFP, Vol. 5, document 183, pp. 300–301, for one of these cables.

³¹³ Sir Percy H. Mills (1890–1968), 1st Viscount Mills: industrialist, cabinet minister, and politician; controller-general of machine tools, 1940–1944, and head of production division, ministry of production, 1943–1944.

³¹⁴ Charles W.C. Sowerby (1896–1988): civil servant who served in the ministry of supply.

³¹⁵ Sir Alfred Edward Faulkner (1882–1963): undersecretary for mines and petroleum, 1927–1942.

³¹⁶ Sir Walter Layton (1884–1966): economist, editor of The Economist, 1922–1938, and Liberal politician; from May 1940 worked for the ministry of supply and later the ministry of production.

³¹⁷ Dr George H. Gallup (1901–1984): founder of the American Institute of Public Opinion, 1935, the precursor of the famous Gallup Poll.

³¹⁸ William Ewart Berry (1879–1954), 1st Viscount Camrose: one of Britain's leading newspaper proprietors which included the Sunday Times, Financial Times, and Daily Telegraph, a close friend of Churchill. In 1924 he and his younger brother, 1st Viscount Kemsley, established the publishing conglomerate Associated Newspapers. (See n. 228.)

³¹⁹ Harry Duncan McGowan (1874–1961), 1st Baron McGowan: well-known British industrialist; served as chairman of Imperial Chemical Industries, 1930–1950.

³²⁰ Arthur Watson (1880–1969): editor of the Daily Telegraph, 1924–1950.

³²¹ Clement Attlee (1883–1967): leader of the British Labour Party; during the Second World War, lord privy seal and deputy prime minister; prime minister, 1945–1951.

³²² MV is probably a reference to Manchester-Vickers, who with Avro, built the twin-engined medium bomber the Avro Manchester. Introduced into service in 1940 it was quickly phased out of service in 1942 because of performance problems.

³²³ The Vickers Wellington was a twin-engined long-range medium bomber that was the mainstay of Bomber Command until 1943. It was superseded by the four-engined heavy bomber, such as the Avro Lancaster, but it provided sterling work as an anti-submarine aircraft until the end of the war.

³²⁴ Geoffrey William Geoffrey-Lloyd (1902–1984): Conservative politician; private secretary to the prime minister Stanley Baldwin; during the Second World War in charge of a number of portfolios including secretary for petroleum, 1940–1942; chairman of the oil control board, 1939–1945; and minister in charge of the petroleum warfare dept, 1940–1945.

³²⁵ DAFP, Vol. 5, document 209, pp. 331–334.

³²⁶ Mrs Samuel D. Craig was the mother of Elizabeth Adair Craig who married Earle Page's son Iven.

³²⁷ Lt-Col. Sir Alexander Robert Gisborne Gordon (1882–1967): soldier and Unionist Member for East Down, 1929–1949; senator in the Parliament of Northern Ireland, 1951–1961; and speaker, 1961–1964.

³²⁸ The Very Reverend Richard George Salmon King (1871–1958): ardent Unionist and Dean of Derry, 1921–1946.

³²⁹ John Miller Andrews (1871–1956): prime minister of Northern Ireland, 1940–1943.

³³⁰ Air Chief Marshal Sir Wilfred Freeman (1888–1953): member of the air council for research development and production, 1936–1940; vice chief of the air staff, 1940; and chief executive, ministry of aircraft production, 1942–1945.

³³¹ DAFP, Vol. 5, document 248, pp. 398–403.

³³² Lt-Gen. Sir Ronald Charles (1875–1955): served with the Royal Engineers in the South African War, 1899–1902; commanded the 25th Division in the latter stages of the First World War; director of military operations and intelligence at the war office, 1926–1931.

³³³ Thomas Flood Plunkett (1877–1957): Queensland dairy-farmer and politician; founding director of the Australian Dairy Produce Board, 1925–1948; chaired the Dairy Produce Control Committee, 1939–1948, to help navigate wartime exigencies.

³³⁴ Sir Christopher Sheehy (1894–1960): born in Queensland and worked very closely with Plunkett in the dairy industry; in 1928 appointed secretary of the Queensland Butter Board. In 1943 he was chosen by the Commonwealth government as controller of dairy products under its new food plan.

³³⁵ Sir Godfrey H. Ince (1891–1960): British civil servant seconded to the offices of the war cabinet in 1941 to take control of production executive secretariat, director general of manpower, ministry of labour and national service, 1941–1944; acting deputy secretary of the ministry of labour and national service, 1942.

³³⁶ Andrew Weir (1865–1955), 1st Baron Inverforth: founder and director of the Glasgow shipping firm Andrew Weir and Company; served as a minister in Lloyd George's coalition government; appointed surveyor-general of supplies, 1917–1919, and then minister of munitions, 1919–1921. During the interwar period he was appointed chairman of the Anglo-Burma Rice Company and the Wilmer Grain Company.

³³⁷ Sir John Sanderson (1868–1945): businessman, grazier, and wool merchant who, after 1920, became a dominant figure in Anglo-Australian financial, pastoral, and shipping networks.

³³⁸ Norman W. Yeo: executive officer of the central wool committee.

³³⁹ Sir Henry B. Shackleton (1878–1958): president of the Woollen and Worsted Trade Federation, 1916–1946; UK's wool controller, 1939–1949.

³⁴⁰ Sir Arthur H. Goldfinch (1866–1945): British businessman and Liberal politician; during the First World War served as director of raw materials, war office, 1917–1921; chairman of the London board of BAWRA, 1921–1926.

³⁴¹ William Morris ‘Billy’ Hughes (1862–1952), born in Pimlico, London, of Welsh parents: Labor, Nationalist and UAP politician who served in a number of ministerial portfolios; Australia's prime minister, 1915–1922.

³⁴² Sir Ernest Thomas Fisk (1886–1965): English-born Australian businessman, manufacturer and radio entrepreneur; founder, managing director, and chairman of Amalgamated Wireless (Australasia).

³⁴³ Sir Harry Percy Brown (1878–1967): English-born engineer, businessman, and public servant who helped shape and modernize the Australian postal and telegraph services in the interwar period. Instrumental in the development of Australian wireless, he left the postmaster general's dept in September 1939 and three months later became chairman and joint managing director of the British General Electric Company.

³⁴⁴ Kermit Roosevelt (1889–1943), son of President Theodore Roosevelt: businessman, soldier, and explorer; served in both world wars with British and American forces.

³⁴⁵ Norman Corbett Tritton (1910–1985): lawyer and economist; former private secretary to Australian prime minister Robert Menzies.

³⁴⁶ This is probably a reference to Sir Arthur W. Street (1892–1951): career civil servant; permanent undersecretary of state for air; member and secretary of the air council, 1939–1945.

³⁴⁷ James Bone (1872–1962): London editor of the Manchester Guardian, 1912–1945.

³⁴⁸ Robert McGowan Barrington-Ward (1891–1948): journalist who succeeded Geoffrey Dawson as editor of The Times, 1941–1948.

³⁴⁹ Arthur Christiansen (1904–1963): journalist and editor of the Daily Express, 1933–1957.

³⁵⁰ Misspelled as Merrill in the diary, this is probably a reference to William Mellor (1888–1942): left-wing journalist and editor who joined the Daily Herald in 1913. He served as its industrial correspondent, becoming its editor, 1926–1931; assistant managing director of Odhams Press, 1931–1936; editor of The Tribune, 1937–1938.

³⁵¹ Bob Prew was editor of the Daily Mail, 1939–1944.

³⁵² Sir Alexander Roger (1878–1961): businessman who served in several administrative capacities during both world wars. Most notably he was the chairman of the ministry of supply's mission to India, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Burma, and the Malay States between 1940 and 1941.

³⁵³ Gideon Oliphant-Murray (1877–1951), 2nd Viscount Elibank: politician, colonial administrator, and Scottish nobleman; championed stronger ties with the self-governing dominions.

³⁵⁴ Aeneas Alexander Mackay (1905–1963), 13th Lord Reay: sat in the House of Lords as a Scottish representative peer.

³⁵⁵ Erik Andreas Colban (1876–1956): celebrated Norwegian diplomat; served as director of the League of Nations’ minorities section, 1919–1927, and director of the League's disarmament section, 1927–1930; Norwegian envoy to the UK, 1934; ambassador, 1942.

³⁵⁶ Lionel George Curtis (1872–1955): writer and academic who promoted the idea of imperial federation. Founder of the Round Table movement, his ideas on constitutional history and empire helped influence the evolution of the modern Commonwealth.

³⁵⁷ Nicholas Murray Butler (1862–1947): American philosopher and diplomat; president of Columbia University, 1902–1945; president of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1925–1945; joint winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, 1931.

³⁵⁸ Maj.-Gen. Sir Harry Davis Watson (1866–1945): army officer who served in British India and, during the First World War, in Sinai and Palestine. In 1919 he served briefly as the chief administrator of British-occupied Palestine.

³⁵⁹ David Reginald Margesson (1890–1965), 1st Viscount Margesson: Conservative MP, long-standing chief whip; secretary of state for war, 1940–1942.

³⁶⁰ Sir Edward Wilshaw (1879–1968): businessman; became the chairman of Cable & Wireless Communications, 1936–1946.

³⁶¹ G.R. Rickards: member of the Australian shipping control board, chairman of the oversea shipping representatives’ association, and chairman of the Commonwealth government's overseas shipping committee.

³⁶² Allan Chapman (1897–1966): Conservative MP; assistant postmaster general, 1941–1942.

³⁶³ W.H. Kirby, divisional food officer, London division, 1940–1942, and later rationing advisor to the Government of India during the Bengal Famine, 1943.

³⁶⁴ Lt-Col. Clive Garsia (1881–1961): GSO1 54th Division, 1917; GSO1 53rd Division, 1918; acting chief of staff, British forces in Egypt, 1919.

³⁶⁵ Field Marshal Sir Edmund Allenby (1861–1936), 1st Viscount Allenby: veteran of the South African War and the First World War. He commanded Britain's Egyptian Expeditionary Force during the Sinai and Palestine campaign of 1917–1918 and, after the defeat of the Ottoman Empire, became Britain's high commissioner in Egypt, 1919–1925.

³⁶⁶ Col. Walter Horace Samuel (1882–1948), 2nd Viscount Bearsted: Anglo-Jewish peer and chairman of the Shell Transport and Trading Company, 1921 and 1946.

³⁶⁷ Frederick W. Lewis (1870–1944), 1st Baron Essendon: shipping magnate and British official responsible for wool control.

³⁶⁸ This is probably a reference to Rear Admiral Karel Doorman (1889–1942): former naval aviator and Dutch naval officer; killed in action while commanding the motley remains of the short-lived American-British-Dutch-Australian Command (ABDA) naval strike forces in the battle of the Java Sea.

³⁶⁹ Professor Sir Keith Hancock (1898–1988): distinguished Australian-born academic, author of three of the five volumes of the Survey of British Commonwealth Affairs; appointed to the cabinet office, 1941, to supervise the United Kingdom civil series of the History of the Second World War and remained the series editor.

³⁷⁰ Lady Isabel Sykes, née Law, eldest daughter of the late Conservative prime minister, Andrew Bonar Law. Her husband, Air Vice-Marshal Sir Frederick Sykes (1877–1954), was an officer and pioneering aviator who established the Royal Flying Corps. He became a Conservative MP and governor of Bombay, 1928–1933, before taking up the chairmanship of the Royal Empire Society between 1938 and 1941.

³⁷¹ Gen. Sir Alexander J. Godley (1867–1957): senior British Army officer who commanded the New Zealand Expeditionary Force and II Anzac Corps during the First World War. He was governor of Gibraltar, 1928–1933, and chairman of the British Empire Society after the Second World War.

³⁷² The Dowager Lady Swaythling, née Goldsmid (1879–1965), born in Belfast. Her husband, who died in 1927, was L.S. Montagu, 2nd Baron Swaythling. Both were prominent members of the Anglo-Jewish community.

³⁷³ Herbert Louis Samuel (1870–1963), 1st Viscount Samuel: leader of the Liberal Party, 1931–1935. Of Jewish descent, he held a number of minor cabinet posts before his appointment as high commissioner for Palestine, 1920–1925. He was leader of the Liberal Party in the House of Lords, 1944–1955.

³⁷⁴ V.K. Wellington Koo (1888–1985): Chinese diplomat; ambassador to France, 1936–1940, and to the Court of St James, 1940–1946, then ambassador to the United States, 1946–1956.

³⁷⁵ José Joaquim de Lima e Silva Moniz de Aragão (1887–1974): Brazilian ambassador to the United Kingdom, 1940–1952.

³⁷⁶ Frederick William Pethick-Lawrence (1871–1961), 1st Baron Pethick-Lawrence: barrister, Labour MP who championed women's suffrage; last secretary of state for India.

³⁷⁷ Lt-Gen. (later Field Marshal) Archibald Percival Wavell (1883–1950): senior British Army officer; served in the Second World War, initially as C.-in-C. Middle East; after early successes against Italians, defeated by Germans, April 1941; C.-in-C. India, 1941–1943. In December 1941, he was also commander of the short-lived and weak American-British-Dutch-Australian Command (ABDA) Command, 1941–1942.

³⁷⁸ Peter Fraser (1884–1950): Scottish-born Labour prime minister of New Zealand, 1940–1949.

³⁷⁹ DAFP, Vol. 5, document 292, pp. 459–461.

³⁸⁰ Sir William Whyte (1879–1945): cashier and general manager of the Royal Bank of Scotland.

³⁸¹ Frank Wolstencroft (1882–1952): president of the Trade Unions Council, 1941–1942.

³⁸² Jack Beasley (1895–1949): trade unionist and politician; became a member of the advisory war council in 1940 and joined Curtin's Labor government in 1941 as minister for supply and development (and after 1942 supply and shipping). His other wartime duties included chairman of the allied supply and the Australian food councils.

³⁸³ Cecil Harmsworth King (1901–1987): chairman of Daily Mirror newspapers. His mother, Geraldine Adelaide Hamilton, née Harmsworth, was the sister of the newspaper magnate Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe.

³⁸⁴ Thomas Denman (1874–1954): soldier and Liberal politician; Australia's governor general, 1911–1914.

³⁸⁵ Dr H.V. Evatt (1894–1965): lawyer, high court justice, and Labor politician; Australia's minister for external affairs, 1941–1949.

³⁸⁶ Faithful followers.

³⁸⁷ S.F. Lynch was head of the Eastern trade section of the dept of commerce when in 1938 he was appointed assistant to the commercial relations officer at Australia House in London. During the war he was tasked to negotiate the sale of food and other primary commodities to Britain.

³⁸⁸ Sir Arnold Overton (1893–1975): British civil servant; entered the board of trade in 1919 and became its permanent secretary, 1941–1945.

³⁸⁹ Dr T.H. Laby (1880–1946): Australian professor of natural philosophy from 1915 to 1944 at the University of Melbourne. From 1939 to 1941 he was the president of the Institute of Physics, was an advisor to the Australian government on X-rays and radium, and in 1940 was selected as chairman of the optical munitions panel, munitions dept, Australia.

³⁹⁰ Sir Eric Machtig (1889–1977): permanent undersecretary of state for dominions affairs, 1940–1948.

³⁹¹ Sir Laurence John Hartnett (1898–1986): British-born Australian businessman whose interests were in the motor trade; managing director of General Motors-Holden Limited in Australia, 1934; GMC's regional director for Australia and New Zealand, 1935, and vice president of the company's export operations. He helped found the Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation and became a director, 1936–1947; he was appointed director of ordnance production in the Australian dept of munitions, 1940–1945.

³⁹² William Pomeroy Crawford Greene (1884–1959), born at Iandra, the family property in New South Wales, was elected to Parliament as the Conservative MP for Worcester, 1923–1945.

³⁹³ Sir Cleveland Fyfe (1888–1959): general secretary of the National Farmers’ Union (NFU), 1932–1944; editor of NFU publications, 1919–1944.

³⁹⁴ Sir Cedric Drewe (1896–1971): British Conservative MP and a former party whip.

³⁹⁵ Sir Thomas Peacock (1887–1959): life-long dairy farmer from Cheshire; president of the National Farmers’ Union, 1939–1941; vice chairman, 1944–1952, and chairman of the milk marketing board, 1952–1958.

³⁹⁶ Col. (later Lt-Gen.) Sir Ian Jacob (1899–1993): career soldier; military assistant secretary in Churchill's war cabinet.

³⁹⁷ Cardinal Thomas Wolsey (1473–1530): statesman and lord chancellor of England during the reign of Henry VIII.

³⁹⁸ Maj.-Gen. Sir Ernest Dunlop Swinton (1868–1951): war correspondent, author, and an officer in the Royal Engineers; in the First World War played a pivotal role in the development and adoption of the tank; Chichele Professor of Military History at Oxford University, 1925–1939.

³⁹⁹ George Geoffrey Dawson, né Robinson (1874–1944): civil servant, journalist, and newspaper editor; served as Lord Milner's assistant in South Africa as part of the British administration in the conquered Boer republics, where he and a number of young Oxford graduates, known as the Kindergarten, helped shape the new government. An advocate of imperial federation, Dawson was a founder member of the Round Table movement and was twice editor of The Times, 1912–1919 and 1923–1941.

⁴⁰⁰ Sir Edmund Craster (1879–1959): head of the Bodleian Library, 1931–1945.

⁴⁰¹ William George Stewart Adams (1874–1966): leading British political scientist; warden of All Souls College, Oxford, 1933–1945.

⁴⁰² The Overseas Settlement Committee was established in 1919 under the aegis of the colonial office to promote state-aided migration to the dominions and colonial dependencies as part of a programme of constructive imperialism to reinforce the bonds of empire.

⁴⁰³ The walk is named after a fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, Joseph Addison (1672–1719): writer and authority on landscape gardening who was undoubtedly inspired by his sojourns along the river Cherwell when at college.

⁴⁰⁴ Dr Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy (1885–1961): prime minister of the Netherlands between September 1940 and June 1945.

⁴⁰⁵ Sir Alexander McColl (1878–1962): sales manager, director, deputy chairman, and chairman of Vacuum Oil Company; chairman and director of the lubricating oil committee, petroleum board, 1939–1949.

⁴⁰⁶ L.W. Elliott was an experienced oil man who rose to become president of Standard-Vacuum Oil company after the war. In 1941, he was the general manager of the Vacuum Oil company's refinery in the Netherlands East Indies in Soengei near Palembang. When the Japanese invaded, he destroyed the refinery and fought with Wavell's forces in Java before transferring to MacArthur's SWPA command where he was put in charge of all petroleum supplies and the construction of oil storage facilities.

⁴⁰⁷ Hugh Quigley (1885–1979): Scottish-born economist; served in a number of British electrical companies; chief statistical officer for the Central Electricity Board, 1931–1943.

⁴⁰⁸ Sir Archibald Page (1875–1949): engineer and electricity supply manager; first general manager of the Central Electricity Board, 1927–1935, and then its chairman, 1935–1944.

⁴⁰⁹ Wing Cdr (later Air Vice-Marshal) F.H. McNamara (1894–1961): RAAF liaison officer, London, 1938–1941; deputy air officer commanding, RAAF Overseas HQ, London, 1941–1942.

⁴¹⁰ Brig. G.M. Stewart, Royal Engineers (1900–1943): director of plans at the war office, 1941–1943; killed in an air accident while returning to the UK after the Casablanca conference, 14–23 January 1943. ——

⁴¹¹ Dr R.C.H. Wall (1869–1947): consulting physician at the London Hospital and at the Brompton Hospital for Diseases of the Chest; also archivist and past master of the Society of Apothecaries.

⁴¹² DAFP, Vol. 5, document 321, pp. 501–502.

⁴¹³ Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood (1897–1965), third child and only daughter of King George V and Queen Mary.

⁴¹⁴ Sir Thomas Dunhill (1876–1957): born in Australia; a celebrated thyroid surgeon appointed surgeon to the Royal Household in 1931.

⁴¹⁵ The Polish School of Medicine was established in Edinburgh by Polish exiles including the former professor of surgery from Poznan University, Antoni Jurasz, in 1941. It closed in 1949.

⁴¹⁶ Sir George Buckston Browne (1850–1945): surgeon who pioneered the field of urology.

⁴¹⁷ Sir Thomas Barlow (1845–1945): royal physician to Queen Victoria, Edward VII and George V.

⁴¹⁸ Brig. J.K. Coffey (1900–1969): advisor and military liaison officer at the Australian high commission in London between 1940 and 1943.

⁴¹⁹ Col. C.G. Rowe, former Australian staff officer and assistant director of ammunition production in the Australian munitions dept: attached to the high commission in London during the Second World War.

⁴²⁰ Oliver Stanley (1896–1950): long-standing Conservative MP; held several key ministerial posts throughout the interwar period including transport and the board of trade; in early 1940, secretary of state for war; secretary of state for the colonies, 1942–1945.

⁴²¹ Sir Victor Warrender (1899–1993): Conservative MP; held several minor government positions, 1928–1945, most notably as parliamentary and financial secretary to the admiralty in Churchill's wartime coalition.

⁴²² Donald James Cameron (1878–1962): trade union leader, politician, and a Labor senator from Victoria; Australian minister of aircraft production, 1941–1945.

⁴²³ Dr Basil Hughes (1878–1953): senior surgeon at Bradford Municipal General Hospital; wrote about war surgery during the First World War.

⁴²⁴ DAFP, Vol. 5, document 334, pp. 521–525.

⁴²⁵ The Curtis P-40 Kittyhawk, was an American-built all metal, single seat fighter plane which saw extensive service with a number of allied airforces between 1939 and 1944. It was deployed with great effect in North Africa, the south-west Pacific and China.

⁴²⁶ Sir W.J. ‘Bill’ Jordan (1879–1959): born in England, Jordan was a member of the New Zealand Labour Party and his country's longest-serving high commissioner in London, 1936–1951.

⁴²⁷ DAFP, Vol. 5, document 343, p. 539.

⁴²⁸ Lt-Gen. Sir John Lavarack (1885–1957): distinguished Australian Army officer; commanded Australian forces in the Middle East, 1940–1942, including the 7th Australian Division, 1940–1941, and 1st Australian Corps, AIF, 1941–1942.

⁴²⁹ DAFP, Vol. 5, document 345, pp. 540–541.

⁴³⁰ Henry was the son of Maj. Thomas Close-Smith (unknown–1946). Henry's father was a former JP and high sheriff of Buckinghamshire who owned Boycott Manor. Maj. Close was the son-in-law of the 11th Lady Kinloss (1852–1944).

⁴³¹ Sir William E. Rootes (1894–1964): automobile manufacturer; served in a variety of advisory capacities with the board of trade and ministry of supply, including chairman of the supply council, 1941–1942.

⁴³² Vice Admiral Sir Harold Brown (1878–1968): director general of munitions production, ministry of supply, 1939–1941; controller-general of munitions production, 1941–1942; senior supply officer and chairman of armament development board, ministry of supply, 1942–1946.

⁴³³ G.W. Turner was a principal assistant secretary in the ministry of supply.

⁴³⁴ Lt-Gen. Ronald M. Weeks (1890–1960), 1st Baron Weeks: soldier and company director; director general of army equipment, 1941, and deputy chief of the imperial general staff, 1942–1945.

⁴³⁵ F.J. du Toit (1897–1961): economist and company director; secretary, South African high commission in London, 1938–1943.

⁴³⁶ W.H.J. Christie: Indian Civil Service, deputy private secretary to the viceroy of India, Lord Linlithgow, 1936–1943.

⁴³⁷ Col. Wallace Benson (1878–1951): surgeon and commanding officer of the Queen Alexandra Military Hospital, Millbank, 1929–1943.

⁴³⁸ DAFP, Vol. 5, document 370, pp. 569–570.

⁴³⁹ Ibid. document 372, pp. 571–572.

⁴⁴⁰ Based at Rugby, British Thomson Houston was a British engineering firm that were known for their electrical systems and steam turbines.

⁴⁴¹ Sir Reginald Hugh Dorman-Smith (1899–1977): governor of Burma, 1941–1946, spending most of his time in exile in Simla because of the Japanese wartime occupation of the colony.

⁴⁴² DAFP, Vol. 5, document 374, pp. 574–575.

⁴⁴³ Lt-Col. Sir Edward Stevenson (1895–1958): Scottish businessman and company director; during the Second World War served in the offices of the war cabinet.

⁴⁴⁴ Ian Colin Maitland (1891–1953), 15th Earl of Lauderdale: representative peer for Scotland in the House of Lords, 1931–1945.

⁴⁴⁵ Sir R. Stafford Cripps (1889–1952): Labour MP for Bristol South East; served in Churchill's coalition government as British ambassador to the Soviet Union, 1940–1942, and minister of aircraft production, 1942–1945.

⁴⁴⁶ Sir Harcourt Johnstone (1895–1945): prominent Liberal MP and secretary to the dept of overseas trade in Churchill's wartime administration.

⁴⁴⁷ Sir Reginald Byron Leonard (1907–1986): journalist and newspaper editor; RAAF's director of public relations, July 1940–April 1941. He was briefly the Melbourne Herald's special representative in London, May 1941–June 1942.

⁴⁴⁸ Harold Macmillan (1894–1986), 1st Earl of Stockton: Conservative MP for Stockton-on-Tees, 1924; junior minister during the Second World War; served briefly as undersecretary of state for the colonies; minister resident in the Mediterranean, 1942–1945; prime minister, 1957–1963.

⁴⁴⁹ DAFP, Vol. 5, document 393, pp. 611–612.

⁴⁵⁰ Maurice Webb (1904–1956): journalist, broadcaster, and political editor of the Daily Herald, 1935–1944; elected as a Labour MP for Central Bradford in 1945.

⁴⁵¹ Sir Donald Wolfit (1902–1968): English actor of stage and screen.

⁴⁵² Field Marshal Sir Harold Alexander (1891–1969), 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis: served with distinction in both world wars rising to become the Supreme Allied Commander (Mediterranean) in 1944, and afterwards, governor general of Canada, 1946–1952.

⁴⁵³ Sir John Anderson (1882–1958), 1st Viscount Waverley: civil servant, politician, and former governor of Bengal; served as home secretary, 1939–1940; lord president of the council, 1940–1943; and chancellor of the exchequer, 1943–1945.

⁴⁵⁴ Henry Robinson Luce (1898–1967): owner of the American magazines Time and Life.

⁴⁵⁵ Wyndham Portal (1885–1949), 1st Viscount Portal: company director, chairman of the Coal Production Council, and joint parliamentary secretary, ministry of supply, 1940–1942.

⁴⁵⁶ Eric Baume (1900–1967): New Zealand-born journalist and broadcaster; moved to Australia in 1923 to work in an editorial capacity for several Sydney newspapers, including the Daily Guardian and the Sunday Sun. In 1939 he became the European editor for Truth and Sportsman Ltd.

⁴⁵⁷ DAFP, Vol. 5, documents 410 and 411, pp. 634–638.

⁴⁵⁸ Oliver Lyttelton, (1893–1972), 1st Viscount Chandos: British businessman; held several ministerial portfolios, including the president of the board of trade, 1940–1941; minister of production, 1942–1945; and secretary of state for the colonies, 1951–1954.

⁴⁵⁹ The Prinz Eugen was one of five German heavy cruisers of the Admiral Hipper-class which, with the battleship Bismarck in May 1941, helped sink the battle-cruiser HMS Hood. In February 1942 the Prinz Eugen and the two battle-cruisers Scharnhorst and Gneisenau made a successful daylight dash through the channel from Brest to their home ports in Germany.

⁴⁶⁰ Benjamin Disraeli (1804–1881), 1st Earl of Beaconsfield: Conservative politician and twice prime minister of Great Britain, he was a novelist before becoming an MP in 1837.

⁴⁶¹ Cynthia Legh (1896–1983): widow of Cdr Ralph Armitage Broughton, RN.

⁴⁶² Mrs Rose Sparrow was the widow of Lt-Col. W.G.K. Sparrow of Birtles Old Hall.

⁴⁶³ Maj.-Gen. Sir John Davidson (1876–1954): soldier, businessman, and Conservative MP; chairman of the Union Bank of Australia, 1937–1949, and of Dalgety and Company, 1939–1947.

⁴⁶⁴ Christopher Douglas Hely-Hutchinson (1885–1958): director of the Westminster Bank and the Westminster Foreign Bank.

⁴⁶⁵ Sir Colin Anderson (1904–1980): shipowner, art collector and patron of the arts.

⁴⁶⁶ Geoffrey Crowther (1907–1972): economist and journalist; joined The Economist, 1932; editor, 1938–1956. He served in the ministry of supply, 1940–1941; ministry of information, 1941–1942; and as dept head of the joint war production staff, ministry of production, 1942–1943.

⁴⁶⁷ Richard Tauber (1891–1948): Austrian-born opera singer, composer, and film actor.

⁴⁶⁸ William Finlay (1875–1945), 2nd Viscount Finlay: British judge; justice of the high court; and lord justice of appeal, 1938–1945. He also performed important roles in both world wars conducting economic warfare against Germany.

⁴⁶⁹ Ivan Maisky (1884–1975): Soviet ambassador to the United Kingdom, 1932–1943.

⁴⁷⁰ DAFP, Vol. 5, document 429, p. 664.

⁴⁷¹ Dr Alfred Hope Gosse (1882–1956): born in South Australia; medical practitioner and consulting physician who spent his entire adult life in England.

⁴⁷² Sir William Scott Douglas (1890–1953): career civil servant; permanent secretary to the ministry of supply, 1942–1945.

⁴⁷³ Sir Alexander McCormack (1856–1947): Australian surgeon and philanthropist.

⁴⁷⁴ Edward William Spencer Cavendish (1895–1950), 10th Duke of Devonshire: Conservative MP and junior minister in Churchill's wartime coalition; parliamentary undersecretary of state for India and Burma, 1940–1942, and for the colonies, 1942–1945.

⁴⁷⁵ Sir Frederic William Eggleston (1875–1954): lawyer, writer, and diplomat; Australia's first minister to China, 1941.

⁴⁷⁶ Sir Keith Officer (1889–1969): joined the British diplomatic service in 1920 before becoming Australia's liaison officer in London in 1933. Highly regarded by his peers, during the Second World War he served as a counsellor in Washington, Tokyo, Moscow, and Chungking.

⁴⁷⁷ John E. Oldham was a career diplomat first appointed to the dept of external affairs in 1937. He trained as a liaison officer before his first overseas posting to London where he replaced John Hood as Australia's representative in the Foreign Office.

⁴⁷⁸ Gwilym Lloyd George (1894–1967), 1st Viscount Tenby, second son of the Liberal prime minister David Lloyd George: Conservative politician and cabinet minister; parliamentary secretary to the board of trade, 1939–1941; parliamentary secretary to the ministry of food, 1940–1942; and minister of fuel, light, and power, 1942–1945.

⁴⁷⁹ Air Marshal Sir Richard Peck (1893–1952): assistant chief of the air staff, 1940–1945.

⁴⁸⁰ Brig. Sir Leslie Chasemore Hollis (1897–1963): assistant secretary, office of the war cabinet, 1939–1946.

⁴⁸¹ Francisco Franco (1892–1975): Spanish general, politician, dictator; ruled Spain, 1939–1973.

⁴⁸² Dr Sir William Slater (1893–1970): director of research and of agricultural industries, Dartington Hall, Devon, 1929–1942; seconded to the ministry of agriculture, 1942–1944; senior advisory officer to same ministry, 1944–1949.

⁴⁸³ Leonard K. Elmhirst (1893–1974): co-founder of the Dartington Hall project, was an English agronomist and philanthropist who with his wife (below) established a trust to promote the arts, progressive land reform, and rural reconstruction.

⁴⁸⁴ Dorothy Payne Whitney (1887–1968), daughter of William C. Whitney, former secretary of the US Navy: American-born philanthropist and socialite; married Leonard Elmhirst in 1925 and, backed by her immense family wealth, embarked upon an ambitious project at Dartington Hall to recreate a rural idyll in Devon.

⁴⁸⁵ Group Capt. (later Air Vice-Marshal) N.H. D'Aeth (1901–1986): senior air staff officer, HQ, No. 19 (Reconnaissance) Group, Coastal Command.

⁴⁸⁶ Sir Charles Morton Forbes (1880–1960): Admiral of the Fleet, 1940, and C.-in-C. Plymouth, 1941.

⁴⁸⁷ Wing Cdr A.X. Richards, commanding officer, No. 10 Squadron RAAF (1941–1942), attached to No. 19 (Reconnaissance) Group.

⁴⁸⁸ M.F. Lee: editor of the Bideford Gazette.

⁴⁸⁹ Sir Ian Hamilton (1853–1947): career soldier; commander of the ill-fated Mediterranean Expeditionary Force during the Dardanelles campaign in 1915.

⁴⁹⁰ V.A.B.W. Cochrane-Baillie (1896–1951), 3rd Baron Lamington: third son of 2nd Lord Lamington, former governor of Queensland, 1896–1901.

⁴⁹¹ Lt-Col. Robert Walter Douglas Philips Brocklehurst (1861–1948): lawyer and former high sheriff of Cheshire.

⁴⁹² Probably refers to Brig.-Gen. Sir William Bromley-Davenport (1862–1949): soldier, former Conservative MP for Macclesfield, and lord lieutenant of Cheshire.

⁴⁹³ H.C. Fenton, press agent and London representative of the Australian National Travel Association, 1930–unknown.

⁴⁹⁴ Margaret Frary Watts, née Miller (1879–1950), older sister of the mystery writer and crime novelist Agatha Christie.

⁴⁹⁵ Dame Agatha Christie, née Miller (1890–1976), detective novelist: created the fictional characters Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple.

⁴⁹⁶ Tennyson Jesse (1888–1958), great-niece of Alfred, Lord Tennyson: journalist, author, and criminologist.

⁴⁹⁷ Harold Marsh Harwood (1874–1959): qualified as a doctor at St Thomas's Hospital before going into business in the cotton industry. After serving with the RAMC in France and Egypt during the First World War, he became a screenwriter and theatre manager, writing plays and stories with his wife Tennyson Jesse. London Front was written in 1940.

⁴⁹⁸ Donald M. Nelson (1888–1959): American business executive and public servant, former vice president of Sears Roebuck; director of priorities of the United States office of production management and director of the supply priorities and allocation board, 1941–1942. Both agencies were merged in 1942 as the war production board, 1942–1944, of which Nelson became chairman.

⁴⁹⁹ Milo Perkins (1900–1972): associate with the US dept of agriculture; executive director of the US board of economic warfare, 1941–1943.

⁵⁰⁰ Sir John William Maxwell Aitken (1910–1985), son of Lord Beaverbrook (see n. 62): decorated fighter pilot and flying ace of the Second World War; Conservative MP, 1945–1950, and later chairman of his father's newspaper empire.

⁵⁰¹ Sir Thomas Gordon (1882–1949): politician, chairman, and managing director of Birt and Company; representative in Australia of British ministry of war transport, and director of shipping in Australia, 1942–1945; member of the federal government's overseas shipping committee.

⁵⁰² Harold L. Ickes (1874–1952): American politician; served as US secretary of the interior, 1933–1946. In early 1941 he was appointed by President Roosevelt as federal solid fuels and petroleum co-ordinator.

⁵⁰³ Lt-Col. Dr Claude Rundle (1872–1954): soldier, university lecturer, and hospital administrator; served in the RAMC during the First World War and was the superintendent of the Fazackerley group of hospitals (Liverpool) for 29 years until his retirement in 1934.

⁵⁰⁴ Sir Drummond Shiels (1881–1953): Scottish Labour politician; former parliamentary undersecretary of state in the India and colonial offices, 1929–1931. He was an active member of the Royal Empire Society and the Empire Parliamentary Association.

⁵⁰⁵ Sir Bertram Stevens (1889–1973): accountant, former premier of New South Wales, 1932–1939; Australian representative on the eastern group supply council (Delhi), early 1941–March 1942. In May–June he conducted a brief tour of the Middle East, London, and Washington.

⁵⁰⁶ Sir Owen Dixon (1886–1972): lawyer and justice of the Australian high court; chaired the central wool committee, 1940–1942, and the shipping control board, 1941–1942, to name but two. His most important wartime placement, however, was as Casey's replacement as Australian minister in Washington, 1942–1944.

⁵⁰⁷ Alston H. Garside (1887–1946): economist for the New York Cotton Exchange. In 1940 he was appointed director of research for the National Cotton Council of America.

⁵⁰⁸ Sir Frederick Leith-Ross (1887–1968): economist and chief advisor to the UK government, 1932–1945; director general of the ministry of economic warfare, 1939–1942.

⁵⁰⁹ David W. Bailey (1908–1956): Tasmanian-born journalist; director of the Australian News and Information Bureau, New York, January 1941. A year later he was appointed chairman of the inter-allied information committee.

⁵¹⁰ Gordon S. Rentschler (1885–1948): chairman of First National City Bank, 1940–1948.

⁵¹¹ James B. Carey (1911–1973): American trade union leader and secretary-treasurer of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), 1938–1955.

⁵¹² Floyd G. Blair (1891–1965): banker, lawyer, and railway director; a vice president of National City Bank of New York, 1931–1956. He also headed the American-Australian Association which represented US financial and industrial undertakings in Australia.

⁵¹³ Godfrey Digby Napier Haggard (1884–1969), nephew of H. Rider Haggard, the imperial adventure novelist: British diplomat, served in Latin America and France prior to 1914; re-assigned to Latin America for a second time; transferred to the United States, 1928. After a brief stint in Paris, 1932–1934, he was sent back to the United States to become the consul general in New York, 1938–1944.

⁵¹⁴ Thomas William Lamont, Jr (1870–1948): American banker and financier; partner in the firm J. P. Morgan and Company, 1911; chairman of the board of directors, 1943.

⁵¹⁵ Sir Alan Watt (1901–1988): Australian public servant and diplomat; first secretary in the Australian legation in Washington, 1940–1945.

⁵¹⁶ Harold Rabling (1890–unknown): Australian engineer and businessman who during the Second World War represented Vacuum Oil's interests in New York, where he helped maintain the supply and distribution of petroleum to Allied forces. In 1945 he became chairman and managing director of Vacuum Oil Company. He was also on the executive of the Anzac War Relief Fund which was established in New York in 1940.

⁵¹⁷ Sir Ronald Ian Campbell (1890–1983): senior British diplomat; transferred to Washington to become deputy head of mission, 1941–1944, after the British embassy in Belgrade was closed, following the German invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941.

⁵¹⁸ Frederick Rentschler (1887–1956), brother of the banker Gordon Rentschler: highly successful aviation engineer, industrialist, and founder of the Pratt & Whitney Aircraft Company. In 1929, he became a co-founder of the United Aircraft and Transportation Company which manufactured engines and aeroplanes for many of the Allied powers during the Second World War.

⁵¹⁹ Eugene E. Wilson (1887–1974): company executive and president of United Aircraft and Transportation Company, 1940–1943.

⁵²⁰ Professor Wilbur L. Cross (1862–1948): professor of English at Yale University, literary critic, and editor of the Yale Review. He retired from Yale and was elected governor of Connecticut, 1931–1939.

⁵²¹ Vyacheslav Molotov (1890–1986): leading Soviet politician and diplomat; minister of foreign affairs, 1939–1949.

⁵²² Harry Lloyd Hopkins (1890–1946): New Deal administrator, US secretary of commerce, 1938–1940, and President Roosevelt's closest advisor during the Second World War who wielded tremendous power and influence in Washington and overseas.

⁵²³ Myles Standish (1584?–1656): English military officer contracted by the Pilgrim Colony to advise on military matters.

⁵²⁴ Dr Hermon Carey Bumpus (1862–1943): biologist; fifth president of Tufts College.

⁵²⁵ Leverett A. Saltonstall (1892–1979): lawyer and Republican politician; served three terms as governor of Massachusetts, 1938–1944; US senator, 1944–1967. His son Peter was killed in action when the Americans retook Guam in 1944.

⁵²⁶ Sir Walter Nash (1882–1968): British-born New Zealand labour politician; served in a variety of ministerial portfolios, including New Zealand's first diplomatic representative to the United States in 1942; succeeded Peter Fraser as leader of the Labour Party, 1951; prime minister, 1957–1960.

⁵²⁷ Father Edmund Walsh (1885–1956): American Catholic priest who was an author and professor of geopolitics. He was the founder of the Georgetown University School of Foreign Service.

⁵²⁸ Robert Henry Brand (1878–1963): member of Milner's Kindergarten in South Africa, British civil servant and businessman; helped establish the imperial munitions board in Canada in 1915; head of the British food mission to the United States, 1941–1944.

⁵²⁹ Sir Maurice Hutton (1904–1970): stockbroker and company director; joined ministry of food as a temporary civil servant, 1939; member of the British food mission in North America, 1941; head of that mission, 1944–1948.

⁵³⁰ Dunlop Rubber was one of the largest British multinational companies in the twentieth century.

⁵³¹ Jean Monnet (1888–1979): one of the founding fathers of the European Union, French political economist and diplomat. In 1940, the British government sent him to the United States as a member of the British supply council but shortly afterwards he became an advisor to President Roosevelt; in 1943 he joined Gen. Charles de Gaulle's government-in-exile in Algiers.

⁵³² Herbert Hoover (1874–1964): mining engineer, financier, and philanthropist; president of the United States 1929–1933.

⁵³³ Felix Frankfurter (1882–1965): Austrian-born American lawyer, professor, and close advisor to President Roosevelt; appointed to the Supreme Court of the United States, 1939.

⁵³⁴ Adolf A. Berle (1895–1971): lawyer, educator, and diplomat; an original member of President Roosevelt's ‘Brains Trust’; US assistant undersecretary of state for Latin American affairs, 1938–1944.

⁵³⁵ Kenneth W. Marriner: consultant and chief of the wool branch, US office of production management.

⁵³⁶ Sir Frederick Phillips (1884–1943): career civil servant; entered Treasury, 1908; head of the Treasury mission in Washington, 1940–1943.

⁵³⁷ Maj. (later Lt-Col.) Gerald Hugh Wilkinson (1909–1965): manager of the Philippine branch of Theo H. Davies and Company (Honolulu), 1935; recruited by MI6 to report on Japanese activities in the region in about 1940. When war broke out in the Pacific, he was appointed Churchill's personal representative on MacArthur's SWPA command. In mid 1943, he was transferred to New York to work for British Security Coordination until the war's end.

⁵³⁸ David E. Lilienthal (1899–1981): lawyer and public administrator who was appointed by President Roosevelt as one of a three-man board in 1933 to head the Tennessee Valley Authority.

⁵³⁹ Dr Harcourt A. Morgan (1867–1950): leading authority in entomology and agriculture; president of the University of Tennessee, 1919–1934. With Lilienthal, he was appointed in 1933 to the board of the TVA, of which he was chairman, 1938–1941.

⁵⁴⁰ James P. Pope (1884–1966): lawyer, former mayor of Boise, and Democratic senator from Idaho; appointed one of three directors of the TVA, 1939–1951.

⁵⁴¹ W. Randolph Burgess (1889–1978): statistician, banker, and diplomat. A former vice president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and head of the American Bankers’ Association, he became a vice chairman of National City Bank and one of the top executives in that institution before embarking upon a diplomatic career under President Eisenhower.

⁵⁴² William R. Herod (1898–1974): mechanical engineer, joined General Electric, 1919; vice president, 1937. During the Second World War he served as a colonel in the procurement arm of the US Army Airforce.

⁵⁴³ A.O. Bray: British vice consul to Detroit in 1936; acting consul from 1937–1941.

⁵⁴⁴ Before being transferred to the United States, M.J. Leonard spent most of the 1930s in Australia as the technical advisor to the Australian distributors of Chrysler and Dodge, and in particular supervised the production of car bodies in South Australia.

⁵⁴⁵ James Alvan Macauley (1872–1952): patent lawyer; president of the Packard Motor Company, 1916–1939; chairman of the board until 1948.

⁵⁴⁶ George T. Christopher was a former executive of General Motors, when, in 1934, he moved to Packard as vice president of manufacturing. He was appointed president of the company in 1942.

⁵⁴⁷ C.N. King was one of several executives from the International Harvester Company who toured Australia in 1935. He was the Pacific district manager from their foreign sales dept, Chicago.

⁵⁴⁸ Fowler McCormick (1898–1974): businessman, patron, and philanthropist: joined the family business International Harvester Company in 1925; succeeded his father as president, 1941; chairman of the board, 1946.

⁵⁴⁹ Lewis Edward Bernays (1886–1972): British consul general in Chicago, 1932–1942.

⁵⁵⁰ Adam Lindsay Gordon (1833–1870): Australian poet and politician.

⁵⁵¹ Harvey C. Daines (1893–1966): comptroller of the University of Chicago.

⁵⁵² Robert Uihlein Jr (1916–1976): American businessman; joined the family-owned Joseph Schlitz Brewing Company of Milwaukee in 1942.

⁵⁵³ Allis-Chalmers was a US manufacturing company that specialized in producing farm implements, construction equipment, and a range of power generation and transmission plant. During the Second World War it manufactured electric motors, generators, and steam turbines for ship construction.

⁵⁵⁴ Lloyd Raymond Smith (1883–1944): son of A.O. Smith, whose own father's company, C.J. Smith and Son, began manufacturing baby carriages and bicycle frames in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in 1874. Incorporated as A.O. Smith and Company in 1904, Lloyd took the company to new heights, supplying metal frames to many of America's major automobile manufacturers. An innovative company, after 1919, it moved into water heaters and steel piping, and by the Second World War was manufacturing electric motors, armaments, aircraft parts, and landing gear.

⁵⁵⁵ Alice Crossland Dixon, née Brooksbank (unknown–1971), wife of Sir Owen Dixon.

⁵⁵⁶ Professor James Brigden (1887–1950): Australian economist, administrator, and diplomat; attached to the new dept of supply and development, in 1939; secretary of the newly formed ministry of munitions, 1940; secretary of the dept of aircraft production, 1941; posted to Washington in early 1942 as financial counsellor to the Australian legation.

⁵⁵⁷ Admiral Ernest J. King (1878–1956): C.-in-C. United States Fleet, and chief of naval operations during the Second World War.

⁵⁵⁸ Field Marshal Jan Christian Smuts (1870–1950): one of South Africa's leading statesmen and its wartime prime minister.

⁵⁵⁹ Olivia de Havilland (1916–2020): starred with Errol Flynn and Humphrey Bogart, was a highly successful British-American actress who was twice awarded the Academy Award for Best Actress.

⁵⁶⁰ Irene Manning (1912–2004): American actor and singer.

⁵⁶¹ Humphrey Bogart (1899–1957): American star of screen and stage.

⁵⁶² Robert E. Gross (1897–1961): chairman of Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, 1934–1958.

⁵⁶³ Introduced into service in mid 1941, the Lockheed P-38 Lightning was a twin-engined, American-built fighter-bomber that also performed a number of key roles, especially in the Pacific theatres, as a night fighter, long-range escort fighter, aerial reconnaissance, and pathfinder.

⁵⁶⁴ The Wirraway was an Australian-built training and general purpose aircraft that saw service between 1939 and 1946.

⁵⁶⁵ Based in southern California, the Douglas Aircraft Company was founded in 1921 and became one of the largest and most successful manufacturers of military aircraft during the Second World War.

⁵⁶⁶ The Douglas Boston was an American-built twin-engined light bomber which was also deployed as a night fighter/intruder by the RAF.

⁵⁶⁷ William ‘Big Bill’ Tilden (1893–1953): dominated men's tennis in the first half of the 1920s and was the first American to win Wimbledon in 1920.

⁵⁶⁸ Sir Norman Brookes (1877–1968): Australian tennis player who won three Grand Slam singles titles in 1907, 1911, and 1914.

⁵⁶⁹ A.J. Gock: board chairman, Bank of America.

⁵⁷⁰ Culbert Olson (1876–1963): Democrat and governor of California, 1939–1943.

⁵⁷¹ Fletcher Bowron (1887–1968): Superior Court Judge and politician; Republican mayor of Los Angeles, 1938–1953.

⁵⁷² Walter K. Hines (1895–1967): civic leader and assistant sales manager of the Sun-Maid Raisin Growers of California.

⁵⁷³ J.M. Leslie: president of Sun-Maid Growers of California, a privately owned American co-operative founded in 1912 specializing in growing and processing raisins.

⁵⁷⁴ Charles L. Lathrop (1877–1971): businessman, civic leader, and company executive; founded a dried fruit packing company that evolved into the California Packing Company, later rebranded the Del Monte Corporation.

⁵⁷⁵ Henry J. Kaiser (1882–1967): industrialist and founder of the Kaiser Shipbuilding Company established in 1939 to build merchant ships contracted by the US maritime commission. Innovative designs and assembly practices, reflected in the iconic ‘Liberty’ and ‘Victory’ ships, allowed the company to manufacture vessels quicker and more efficiently than its competitors.

⁵⁷⁶ Helen Newington Wills (1905–1998): American tennis player who held the top spot in women's tennis in the late 1920s and 1930s. She won over thirty Grand Slam titles including a record eight Wimbledon championships which was not surpassed until 1990 by Martina Navratilova.

⁵⁷⁷ Alice Marble (1913–1990): highly successful American tennis player who won eighteen Grand Slam championships between 1936 and 1940.

⁵⁷⁸ Charles E. Dunscombe publisher of the Berkeley Gazette.

⁵⁷⁹ G.M. Wallace: career as a banker spanned over fifty years. He began as a messenger boy with First Security National Bank in 1901 becoming president in 1934 and later chairman.

⁵⁸⁰ The original name of Stanford University. This world-renowned private university near San Francisco was established in 1885 by the railway baron, former governor of California, and US Senator, Leland Stanford, in honour of his only son who died of typhoid fever while visiting Europe the previous year.

⁵⁸¹ Amadeo Pietro Giannini (1870–1949): Italian-American banker; founded the Bank of Italy in San Francisco in 1904. After a merger with the Los Angeles-based Bank of America in 1928, Giannini kept the brand for his new and expanding institution Bank of America. Chairman of the San Francisco operations he later became the executive chairman of the bank until his retirement in 1945.

⁵⁸² Scott Newhall (1914–1992): joined the San Francisco Chronicle as a photographer in 1934 and became its executive editor in 1952.

⁵⁸³ L.V. Armati was editor of the Sydney Sun from 1936 until July 1942.

⁵⁸⁴ Admiral Chester W. Nimitz (1885–1966): C.-in-C. US Pacific Fleet and C.-in-C. Pacific Ocean Areas, 1942. In 1944 he was promoted to Fleet Admiral by President Roosevelt.

⁵⁸⁵ Rear (later Vice) Admiral David W. Bagley (1880–1960): commander, Hawaiian Sea Frontier, 1942.

⁵⁸⁶ Robert L. Ghormley (1883–1958): vice admiral in the United States Navy, and after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, served briefly as commander, South Pacific Area, before being replaced by Admiral William ‘Bull’ Halsey (1882–1959) in October 1942.

⁵⁸⁷ Vice Admiral Herbert Fairfax Leary (1885–1957): appointed commander of ANZAC Force based in Australia in January 1942. Three months later this force was absorbed by the SWPA command under Gen. Douglas MacArthur. Leary then commanded MacArthur's naval forces until his replacement in September 1942.

⁵⁸⁸ Capt. Hugh Walter McKibbon (1911–1999): former line officer and US navy pilot; served in the Far East throughout the Second World War dropping supplies behind enemy lines and interestingly flying dignitaries, like Page, throughout the Pacific.

⁵⁸⁹ Sir Philip Mitchell (1890–1964): colonial administrator of long standing; governor of Uganda, 1935–1940; governor of Fiji, 1942–1944, and later of Kenya, 1944–1952.

⁵⁹⁰ Bertram Charles Ballard (1903–1981): distinguished Australian diplomat whose first overseas posting was as Australia's official representative in New Caledonia, 1940–1943.

⁵⁹¹ Col. Sir Michael Frederick Bruxner (1882–1970): grazier, Country Party politician; NSW minister for transport and deputy premier, 1932–1941, in the coalition government led by Labor premier, Sir Bertram Stevens.