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Evolution of the velocity-gradient tensor in a spatially developing turbulent flow

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 September 2014

R. Gomes-Fernandes ,
B. Ganapathisubramani  and
J. C. Vassilicos
R. Gomes-Fernandes
Affiliation:
Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
B. Ganapathisubramani
Affiliation:
Aerodynamics & Flight Mechanics Research Group, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
J. C. Vassilicos*
Affiliation:
Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
*
†Email address for correspondence: j.c.vassilicos@imperial.ac.uk
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Abstract

An experimental study of turbulence generated by a low-blockage space-filling fractal square grid was performed using cinematographic stereoscopic particle image velocimetry in a water tunnel. All fluctuating velocity gradients were measured and their statistics were computed at three different stations along the streamwise direction downstream of the grid: in the production region, at the location of peak turbulence intensity and in the non-equilibrium decay region. The usual signatures of these statistics are only found in the decay region, where a well-defined $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}2/3$ power-law dependence of the second-order structure function on two-point distance is also present. However, this $2/3$ exponent is well defined over a wide range of scales even at the peak location, where the statistics of the fluctuating velocity-gradient tensor are very unusual. There, as at the production region station, the $Q\text {--}R$ teardrop shape is not yet fully developed, vortex stretching only slightly dominates over compression and they both fluctuate very widely, reaching very high low-probability values. In these two stations, there is also only marginal preference between sheet-like and tube-like velocity-gradient structures as seen by the sign of the second eigenvalue of the strain-rate tensor. Yet, there are subregions of the flow in the production region where the $2/3$ exponent is present and where the $Q\text {--}R$ teardrop shape is as undeveloped as for the entire data set at this station.

JFM classification

Turbulent Flows: Turbulent Flows Turbulent Flows: Turbulence theory

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Type
Papers
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Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 756 , 10 October 2014 , pp. 252 - 292
Copyright
© 2014 Cambridge University Press 

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