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Postemergence Weed Control in Acetolactate Synthase–Resistant Grain Sorghum

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

D. Shane Hennigh ,
Kassim Al-Khatib  and
Mitchell R. Tuinstra
D. Shane Hennigh
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
Kassim Al-Khatib*
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
Mitchell R. Tuinstra
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: khatib@ksu.edu.
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Abstract

Postemergence herbicides to control grass weeds in grain sorghum are limited. Acetolactate synthase (ALS) –inhibiting herbicides are very effective at controlling many grass species in many crops; unfortunately, use of ALS-inhibiting herbicides is not an option in conventional grain sorghum because of its susceptibility to these herbicides. With the development of ALS-resistant grain sorghum, several POST ALS-inhibiting herbicides can be used to control weeds in grain sorghum. Field experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2008 to evaluate the efficacy of tank mixtures of nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron applied alone or in combination with bromoxynil, carfentrazone–ethyl, halosulfuron + dicamba, prosulfuron, 2,4-D, or metsulfuron methyl + 2,4-D. In addition, these treatments were applied with and without atrazine. Nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron controlled barnyardgrass, green foxtail, and giant foxtail 99, 86, and 91% 6 wk after treatment (WAT), respectively. A decrease in annual grass control was observed when nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron was tank mixed with some broadleaf herbicides, although the differences were not always significant. In addition, nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron controlled velvetleaf and ivyleaf moringglory 64 and 78% 6 WAT, respectively. Control of velvetleaf was improved when nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron was tank mixed with all broadleaf herbicides included in this study with the exception of atrazine, bromoxynil, and prosulfuron + atrazine. Control of ivyleaf morningglory was improved when nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron was tank mixed with all of the herbicides included in this study with the exception of metsulfuron methyl + 2,4-D. Weed populations and biomass were lower when nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron were applied with various broadleaf herbicides than when it was applied alone. Grain sorghum yield was greater in all herbicide treatments than in the weedy check, with the highest grain yield from nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron + prosulfuron. This research showed that postemergence application of nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron effectively controls grass weeds, including barnyardgrass, green foxtail, and giant foxtail. The research also showed that velvetleaf and ivyleaf morningglory control was more effective when nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron were applied with other broadleaf herbicides.

Los herbicidas de post-emergencia para el control de malezas en el cultivo de sorgo de grano son limitados. Los herbicidas inhibidores como el acetolactate synthase son muy efectivos para controlar muchas especies de zacate en muchos cultivos, Desafortunadamente; el uso de herbicidas inhibidores de ALS no es una opción en el cultivo convencional de sorgo de grano por la susceptibilidad de esta gramínea a estos herbicidas. Con el desarrollo del sorgo de grano resistente a ALS, muchos herbicidas inhibidores ALS post-aplicados pueden ser usados para controlar malezas en este cultivo. Estudios de campo fueron llevados al cabo en 2007 y 2008 para evaluar la eficiencia de combinaciones de nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron aplicados solo o en combinación con bromoxyl, canfentrazone–ethyl + dicamba, prosulfuron, 2, 4-D o metsulfuron methyl + 2,4-D. Además, estos tratamientos fueron aplicados con o sin atrazine. La combinación de nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron controló la barnyardgrass (echinochloa cruz-galli), la green foxtail (setaria viridis) y la giant foxtail (setaria faberi) en un 99, un 86 y un 91% WAT (SDT), respectivamente. Una disminución en el control anual de malezas se observó cuando el nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron se mezclaron con algún herbicida de hoja ancha aunque las diferencias no fueron siempre significativas. Además el nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron controlaron la velvetleaf (abuitilon theophrasti) y la ivyleaf morninggglory (abuitilon theophrasti- ipomonea) en un 64 y un 78% a las 6 WAT, respectivamente. Hubo un mejor control de la velvetleaf (abuitilon theophrasti) cuando se mezcló nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron con todo tipo de herbicidas de hoja ancha incluidos en este estudio con la excepción de atrazine, bromoxynil y prosulfuron + atrazine. El control de mornigglory (ipomonea) mejoró cuando se mezclaron nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron con todos los herbicidas incluidos en este estudio con excepción de metsulfuron methyl + 2,4-D. La población de malezas y la biomasa fueron menores cuando se aplicó nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron mezclados con varios herbicidas de hoja ancha en comparación a cuando se aplicó solo. El rendimiento del sorgo de grano fue mucho mayor con todos los tratamientos de herbicida que en la parcela testigo con malezas, obteniendo el mayor rendimiento de grano a partir del nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron + prosulfuron. Este estudio mostró que la aplicación de nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron en post emergencia controla efectivamente las malezas incluyendo la barnyardgrass, green foxtail y giant foxtail El estudio también mostró que el control de velvetleaf e ivyleaf morningglory fue más efectivo cuando se aplicó nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron en combinación con otros herbicidas de hoja ancha.

Keywords

Atrazinebromoxynilcarfentrazone–ethyldicambahalosulfuronmesotrionemetsulfuron methylnicosulfuronrimsulfuronprosulfuronS-metolachlor2,4-Dbarnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauvgiant foxtail, Setaria faberi Herrmgrain sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moenchgreen foxtail, Setaria virdis (L.) Beauvivyleaf morningglory, Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacqvelvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti MedicusALS-inhibiting herbicidessulfonylureaherbicide-resistant crops
Type
Weed Management—Major Crops
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 24 , Issue 3 , September 2010 , pp. 219 - 225
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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