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Ecophenotypic variability during times of evolutionary stasis in Middle Devonian Actinopteria (Bivalvia, Pterioidea) from New York

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 March 2018

Judith Nagel-Myers ,
Christopher A. McRoberts  and
Cullen W. LaPoint
Judith Nagel-Myers
Affiliation:
Geology Department, St. Lawrence University, Canton, New York 13617, USA 〈jnagel@stlawu.edu〉
Christopher A. McRoberts
Affiliation:
Geology Department, State University of New York Cortland, Cortland, New York 13045, USA 〈christopher.mcroberts@cortland.edu〉
Cullen W. LaPoint
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA 〈cullen.lapointe25@uga.edu〉
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Abstract

We examine the morphological variation of a Paleozoic pterineid during a time of relative ecological and taxonomic stability in the Middle Devonian Appalachian Basin in central and eastern New York. We discuss the taxonomic status of the Middle Devonian bivalve Actinopteria boydi (Conrad, 1842) and quantify the variability of its shell disk as well as the width and angle of the auricles and sulci of this otherwise character-poor bivalve species using geometric morphometric techniques employing Cartesian landmarks. We compare variants from three stratigraphic levels (Skaneateles, Ludlowville, and Moscow formations) and from different habitats characterized by lithofacies.

The phenotypic variation observed in our data does not amount to an overall directional shift in morphology, i.e., they constitute reversible changes of morphology in a single variable taxon. Our study finds small-scale variation in morphology that represents evidence for ecophenotypic variation through ~3–4 Myr. Differences in substrate coupled with water energy seem to impact this taxon’s morphology. Although no clearly separated groups can be observed, material from muddy facies develops variants with, on average, rounder and broader shell disks than are found in material from silty facies. This morphology could have increased the flow rate of water channeled over the posterior shell portion thereby improving filtration rate, which is especially beneficial in environments with low water energy.

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Journal of Paleontology , Volume 92 , Issue 3 , May 2018 , pp. 388 - 397
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Copyright © 2018, The Paleontological Society 

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