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Determination of the antioxidant activity and polyphenol content of different types of Rhus coriaria Linn (sumac) from different regions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 December 2017

N. Soleymani Majd ,
S. Coe ,
S. Thondre  and
H. Lightowler
N. Soleymani Majd
Affiliation:
Functional Food Centre, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP
S. Coe
Affiliation:
Functional Food Centre, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP
S. Thondre
Affiliation:
Functional Food Centre, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP
H. Lightowler
Affiliation:
Functional Food Centre, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP
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Abstract

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Rhus coriaria Linn (Sumac) is a spice that is used most notably in Iranian, Turkish and Middle Eastern foods for seasoning and flavouring( Reference Nasar-Abbas and Halkman 1 , Reference Ozcan and Haciseferogullari 2 ). Many herbs and spices such as sumac have been demonstrated to have health benefits including antioxidant and antidiabetic properties due to their high polyphenol content( Reference Abu-Reidah, Jamous and Ali-Shtayeh 3 ).

The main objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity and polyphenol content of sumac from four different regions (Turkey, Palestine, Iran and the UK) in either fresh or dried commercial powder forms.

The fruits of fresh sumac were air-dried and then ground. Sumac, from different regions and in both forms, was extracted using water, acetone (80 %) and ethanol (80 %) solvents. The extracts were analysed for polyphenol content and antioxidant activity (Table 1) using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR)( Reference Singleton and Rossi 4 ) and the Ferric Ion-Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP)( Reference Benzie and Strain 5 ) assay, respectively.

Table 1.

Polyphenol content (g GAE/g) and total antioxidant activity (mmol/L) of each type and form of sumac

Data was tested for normality using the Shapiro-Wilks test. Values are the mean of three independent experiments. A one-way ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis test were used to compare within and between samples. The results were significant at p < 0·05 and p < 0·01*(Kruskal Wallis post-hoc tests for pairwise comparisons)

The results of this work indicate that Fresh Brown sumac was high in antioxidant activity and polyphenol content in all types of extractions (water, acetone (80 %) and ethanol (80 %)) compared with all other sumac types (with the exception of Iranian Brown sumac extracted using ethanol (80 %)). Acetone (80 %) was the most efficient solvent to show the polyphenol content of all the sumac samples. Fresh Red, Iranian Brown, Turkish sumac and Fresh Brown sumac could have potential health benefits due to the high polyphenol content and antioxidant activity.

References

1. Nasar-Abbas, SM & Halkman, AK (2004) Int J Food Microbiol 97, 63–69.Google Scholar
2. Ozcan, M & Haciseferogullari, H (2004) Bulg. J. Plant Physiol 30, 74–84.Google Scholar
3. Abu-Reidah, IM, Jamous, RM & Ali-Shtayeh, MS (2014) Jordan J Biol Sci 7, 233–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4. Singleton, VL & Rossi, JA (1965) Am J Enol Vitic 16, 144–158.Google Scholar
5. Benzie, IF & Strain, JJ (1996) Anal Biochem 239, 70–76.Google Scholar
Figure 0

Table 1. Polyphenol content (g GAE/g) and total antioxidant activity (mmol/L) of each type and form of sumac