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Global receptivity analysis: physically realizable input–output analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 February 2023

Omar Kamal Open the ORCID record for Omar Kamal [Opens in a new window] ,
Matthew T. Lakebrink  and
Tim Colonius
Omar Kamal*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Matthew T. Lakebrink
Affiliation:
The Boeing Company, Hazelwood, MO 63042, USA
Tim Colonius
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: okamal@caltech.edu
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Abstract

In the context of transition analysis, linear input–output analysis determines the worst-case disturbances to a laminar base flow based on a generic right-hand-side volumetric/boundary forcing term. The worst-case forcing is not physically realizable, and, to our knowledge, a generic framework for posing physically realizable worst-case disturbance problems is lacking. In natural receptivity analysis, disturbances are forced by matching (typically local) solutions within the boundary layer to outer solutions consisting of free-stream vortical, entropic and acoustic disturbances. We pose a scattering formalism to restrict the input forcing to a set of realizable disturbances associated with plane-wave solutions of the outer problem. The formulation is validated by comparing with direct numerical simulations of a Mach 4.5 flat-plate boundary layer. We show that the method provides insight into transition mechanisms by identifying those linear combinations of plane-wave disturbances that maximize energy amplification over a range of frequencies. We also discuss how the framework can be extended to accommodate scattering from shocks and in shock layers for supersonic flow.

JFM classification

Aerodynamics: High-speed flow Boundary Layers: Boundary layer receptivity Boundary Layers: Boundary layer stability

Information

Type
JFM Rapids
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 956 , 10 February 2023 , R5
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

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References

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