Hostname: page-component-77c78cf97d-7dld4 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-04-25T07:05:11.063Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Early Silurian recovery of Baltica crinoids following the end-Ordovician extinctions (Llandovery, Estonia)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 November 2019

William I. Ausich Open the ORCID record for William I. Ausich [Opens in a new window] ,
Mark A. Wilson  and
Ursula Toom
William I. Ausich
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, 125 South Oval Mall, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
Mark A. Wilson
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, The College of Wooster, Wooster, Ohio 44691, USA
Ursula Toom
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Tallin University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Three new Llandovery (early Silurian) crinoids from Estonia provide an improved understanding of the paleogeographic aspects of the crinoid diversification following the end-Ordovician extinctions. The new taxa are Euspirocrinus hintsae new species (Rhuddanian eucladid), Oepikicrinus perensae new genus new species (Aeronian camerate), and Rozhnovicrinus isakarae new genus new species (Aeronian eucladid). This brings the total of described Llandovery crinoids in Estonia to eight nominal species and a further three taxa in open nomenclature. The Rhuddanian radiation in Baltica mirrored that on Laurentia and Avalonia and was dominated by Ordovician clades that continued to diversify during the Silurian. Known Aeronian crinoids from Estonia continue these clades, whereas new clades diversified on Laurentia and Avalonia. However, by the Wenlock, a largely cosmopolitan fauna existed on Laurentia, Avalonia, and Baltica.

UUID: http://zoobank.org/b5e613f1-c211-4676-8967-5a38a7d8d40e

Information

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 94 , Issue 3 , May 2020 , pp. 521 - 530
Copyright
Copyright © 2019, The Paleontological Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Alroy, J., 2008, Dynamics of extinction and origination rates in the fossil record: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 105, p. 11536–11542, doi:1073/pnas.0802597105.Google Scholar
Alroy, J., 2010a, The shifting balance of diversity among major marine animal groups: Science, v. 329, p. 1191–1194, doi:10.1126/science.1189910.Google ScholarPubMed
Alroy, J., 2010b, Geographic, environmental and intrinsic biotic controls on Phanerozoic marine diversifications: Palaeontology, v. 53, p. 1211–1235, doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.01011.x.Google Scholar
Angelin, N.P., 1878, Iconographia Crinoideorum. in Stratis Sueciae Siluricis Fossilium: Stockholm, Samson and Wallin, 62 p.Google Scholar
Ausich, W.I., 1984a, Calceocrinids from the early Silurian (Llandoverian) Brassfield Formation of southwestern Ohio: Journal of Paleontology, v. 58, p. 1167–1185.Google Scholar
Ausich, W.I., 1984b, The genus Clidochirus from the early Silurian of Ohio (Crinoidea. Llandoverian): Journal of Paleontology, v. 58, p. 1341–1346.Google Scholar
Ausich, W.I., 1985, New crinoids and revision of the superfamily Glyptocrinacea (early Silurian, Ohio): Journal of Paleontology, v. 59, p. 793–808.Google Scholar
Ausich, W.I., 1986a, Early Silurian rhodocrinitacean crinoids (Brassfield Formation, Ohio): Journal of Paleontology, v. 60, p. 84–06, doi:10.1017/S0022336000021545.Google Scholar
Ausich, W.I., 1986b, Early Silurian inadunate crinoids (Brassfield Formation, Ohio): Journal of Paleontology, v. 60, p. 719–735, doi:10.1017/S0022336000022241.Google Scholar
Ausich, W.I., 1986c, New camerate crinoids of the suborder Glyptocrinina from the lower Silurian Brassfield Formation (southwestern Ohio): Journal of Paleontology, v. 60, p. 887–897, doi:10.1017/S0022336000043043.Google Scholar
Ausich, W.I., 1987, Brassfield Compsocrinina (lower Silurian crinoids) from Ohio: Journal of Paleontology, v. 61, p. 552–562, doi:10.1017/S0022336000028717.Google Scholar
Ausich, W.I., 2018, Morphological paradox of disparid crinoids (Echinodermata): Phylogenetic analysis of a Paleozoic clade: Swiss Journal of Paleontology, v. 137, p. 159–176, doi:10.1007/s13358-018-0147-z.Google Scholar
Ausich, W.I., and Copper, P., 2010, The Crinoidea of Anticosti Island, Quebéc (Late Ordovician to early Silurian): Palaeontographica Canadiana, v. 29, 157 p.Google Scholar
Ausich, W.I., and Deline, B., 2012, Macroevolutionary transitions in crinoids following the Late Ordovician extinction event (Ordovician to early Silurian): Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 361–362, p. 38–48, doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.07.022.Google Scholar
Ausich, W.I., and Wilson, M.A., 2016, Llandovery (early Silurian) crinoids from Hiiumaa Island, western Estonia: Journal of Paleontology, v. 90, p. 1139–1147, doi:10.1017/jpa.2016.120.Google Scholar
Ausich, W.I., Kammer, T.W., and Baumiller, T.K., 1994, Demise of the middle Paleozoic crinoid fauna: A single extinction event or rapid faunal turnover?: Paleobiology, v. 20, p. 345–361, doi:10.1017/S0094837300012811.Google Scholar
Ausich, W.I., Brett, C.E., Hess, H., and Simms, M.J., 1999, Crinoid form and function, in Hess, H., Ausich, W.I., Brett, C.E., and Simms, M.J., Fossil Crinoids: Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press, p. 3–30.Google Scholar
Ausich, W.I., Wilson, M.A., and Vinn, O., 2012, Crinoids from the Silurian of western Estonia (phylum Echinodermata): Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, v. 57, no. 3, p. 613–631, doi:10.1017/jpa.2014.6.Google Scholar
Ausich, W.I., Peter, M.E., and Ettensohn, F.R., 2015a, Echinoderms from the lower Silurian Brassfield Formation of east-central Kentucky: Journal of Paleontology, v. 89, p. 245–256, doi:10.1017/jpa.2014.20.Google Scholar
Ausich, W.I., Wilson, M.A., and Vinn, O., 2015b, Wenlock and Pridoli (Silurian) crinoids from Saaremaa, western Estonia (phylum Echinodermata): Journal of Paleontology, v. 89, p. 72–81, doi:10.1017/jpa.2014.6.Google Scholar
Ausich, W.I., Wilson, M.A., and Tinn, O., 2019, Kalana Lagerstätte crinoids: Early Silurian (Llandovery) of central Estonia: Journal of Paleontology, doi:10.1017/jpa.2019.27.Google Scholar
Bather, F.A., 1890, British Fossil Crinoids, 1, Historical introduction; II, The classification of the Inadunata Fistulata: Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 6, v. 5, p. 306–334, 373–388.Google Scholar
Bather, F.A., 1893, The Crinoidea of Gotland, Pt. 1, The Crinoidea Inadunata: Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, v. 25, no. 2, 200 p.Google Scholar
Baumiller, T.K., 1994, Patterns of dominance and extinction in the record of Paleozoic crinoids, in David, B., Guille, A., Féral, J. P., and Roux, M., eds., Echinoderms Through Time (Echinoderms Dijon): Rotterdam, A.A. Balkema, p. 193–198.Google Scholar
Brower, J.C., 1994, Camerate crinoids from the Middle Ordovician (Galena Group, Dunleith Formation) of northern Iowa and southern Minnesota: Journal of Paleontology, v. 68, p. 570–599.Google Scholar
Cole, S.R., 2017, Phylogeny and morphologic evolution of the Ordovician Camerata (class Crinoidea, phylum Echinodermata): Journal of Paleontology, 91, p. 815–828, doi:10.1017/jpa.2016.137.Google Scholar
Donovan, S.K., 1989, The significance of the British Ordovician crinoid fauna: Modern Geology, v. 13, p. 243–255.Google Scholar
Donovan, S.K., 1992, New cladid crinoids from the Late Ordovician of Girvan, Scotland: Palaeontology, v. 35, p. 149–158.Google Scholar
Donovan, S.K., 1993, A Rhuddanian (Silurian, lower Llandovery) pelmatozoan fauna from south-west Wales: Geological Journal, v. 28, p. 1–19, doi:10.1002/gj.3350280102.Google Scholar
Donovan, S.K., 1994, The Late Ordovician extinction of the crinoids in Britain: National Geographic Research and Exploration, v. 10, p. 72–79.Google Scholar
Donovan, S.K., and Franzén, C., 1988, Myelodactylid crinoid columnals from the Lower Visby Beds (Llandoverian) of Gotland. GFF, v. 10, p. 69–79, doi:10.1080/11035898809453122.Google Scholar
Donovan, S.K., and Gilmour, N., 2003, New camerate crinoids from the Ordovician of Scotland and Wales: Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, v. 93, p. 155–161.Google Scholar
Eckert, J.D., 1984, Early Llandovery crinoids and stelleroids from the Cataract Group (lower Silurian), southern Ontario, Canada: Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contributions, v. 137, 83 p.Google Scholar
Eckert, J.D., 1988, Late Ordovician extinction of North American and British crinoids: Lethaia, v. 21, p. 147–167, doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1988.tb02065.x.Google Scholar
Eckert, J.D., 1990, The early Silurian myelodactylid crinoid Eomyelodactylus Foerste: Journal of Paleontology, v. 64, p. 135–141, doi: 10.1017/S0022336000042311.Google Scholar
Eckert, J.D., and Brett, C.E., 2001, Early Silurian (Llandovery) crinoids from the Lower Clinton Group, western New York State: Bulletins of American Paleontology, no. 360, 88 p.Google Scholar
Fearnhead, F.E., and Donovan, S.K., 2007, A cladid crinoid (Echinodermata) from the Llandovery (lower Silurian) of the Girvan district, SW Scotland: Scottish Journal of Geology, v. 43, p. 74–82, doi:10.114/sjg43020180.Google Scholar
Foerste, A.F., 1919, Echinodermata of the Brassfield (Silurian) Formation of Ohio: Bulletin of the Scientific Laboratory Denison University, v. 19, p. 3–32.Google Scholar
Franzén, C., 1982, A Silurian crinoid thanatotope from Gotland: GFF, v. 103, no. 4, p. 469–490, doi:10.1080/11035898209453725.Google Scholar
Franzén, C., 1983, Ecology and taxonomy of Silurian crinoids from Gotland: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, Abstracts of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science, no. 665, 31 p.Google Scholar
Hall, J., 1852, Palaeontology of New York, Volume 2, Containing Descriptions of the Organic Remains of the Lower Middle Division of the New-York System: New York Geological Survey, Natural History of New York, Paleontology, v. 6, 362 p.Google Scholar
Harper, D.A.T., Hammarlund, E.U., and Rasmussen, C.M., 2014, End Ordovician extinctions: A coincidence of causes: Gondwana Research, v. 25, p. 1294–1307, doi:10.1016/j.gr.2012.12.021.Google Scholar
Le Menn, J., and Spjeldnaes, N., 1996, Un nouveau crinoïde Dimeocrinitidae (Camerata, Diplobathrida) de l'Ordovicien supérieur du Maroc: Rosfacrinus robustus nov. gen., nov. sp.: Geobios, no. 29, p. 341–351.Google Scholar
Le Menn, J., Gourvennec, R., Piçarra, J.M., and Robardet, M., 2003, Mid-Paleozoic dimerocrinitid crinoids from North Gondwana: Evolution, biostratigraphy, and paleobiogeography: Revista Española de Paleontología, v. 18, p. 49–60.Google Scholar
Männik, P., 2014, The Silurian System in Estonia, in Bauert, H., Hints, O., Meidla, T., and Männik, P., eds., Annual meeting of IGCP 591, 4th, The Early to Middle Paleozoic Revolution, Estonia, 10–19 June 2014, Abstracts & Field Guide: Tartu, Estonia, University of Tartu, p. 123–128.Google Scholar
Männik, P., Tinn, O., Loydell, D.K., and Ainsaar., L., 2016, Age of the Kalana Lagerstätte, early Silurian, Estonia: Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 65, p. 105–114, doi:10.3176/earth.2016.10.Google Scholar
Miller, J.S., 1821, A Natural History of the Crinoidea, or Lily-shaped Animals; with Observations on the Genera, Asteria, Euryale, Comatula and Marsupites: Bristol, England, Bryan & Company, 150 p.Google Scholar
Moore, R.C., and Laudon, L.R., 1943, Evolution and classification of Paleozoic crinoids: Geological Society of America Special Paper, v. 46, 151 p.Google Scholar
Moore, R.C., and Teichert, C., eds., 1978, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part T, Echinodermata 2, Crinoidea: Boulder, Colorado, and Lawrence, Kansas, Geological Society of America (and University of Kansas Press), 1027 p.Google Scholar
Nestor, H., Einasto, R., Männik, P., and Nestor, V., 2003, Correlation of lower-middle Llandovery sections in central and southern Estonia and sedimentation cycles of lime muds: Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, Geology, v. 52, no. 1, p. 3–27.Google Scholar
Peters, S.E., and Ausich, W.I., 2008, A sampling-adjusted macroevolutionary history for Ordovician–early Silurian crinoids: Paleobiology, v. 3, p. 104–116, doi:10.1666/07035.1.Google Scholar
Phillips, J., 1839, Crinoids, in Murchison, R.I., The Silurian System, Part 1: Founded on Geological Researches in the Counties of Solop, Hereford, Radnor, Montgomery, Caermarthen, Brecon, Pembroke, Monmouth, Gloucester, Worcester, and Stafford; with Descriptions of the Coal-Fields and Overlying Formations: London, John Murray, p. 670–675.Google Scholar
Sepkoski, J.J. Jr., 1996, Patterns of Phanerozoic extinction: A perspective from global databases, in Walliser, O.H., ed., Global Events and Event Stratigraphy in the Phanerozoic: Berlin, Springer-Verlag, p. 31–51, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-79634-0_4.Google Scholar
Springer, F., 1906, Discovery of the disk of Onychocrinus and further remarks on the Crinoidea Flexibilia: Journal of Geology, v. 14, p. 467–523.Google Scholar
Strimple, H.L., 1963, Crinoids of the Hunton Group: Oklahoma Geological Survey Bulletin 100, 169 p.Google Scholar
Ubaghs, G., 1978a, Skeletal morphology of fossil crinoids, in Moore, R.C., and Teichert, C., eds., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part T, Echinodermata 2, Crinoidea: Boulder, Colorado, and Lawrence, Kansas, Geological Society of America (and University of Kansas Press), p. T58–T216.Google Scholar
Ubaghs, G., 1978b, Camerata, in Moore, R.C., and Teichert, C., eds., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part T, Echinodermata 2, Crinoidea: Boulder, Colorado, and Lawrence, Kansas, Geological Society of America (and University of Kansas Press), p. T408–T519.Google Scholar
von Zittel, K.A., 1876–1880, Handbuch der Palaeontologie, Volume 1, Palaeozoologie: Munich, Germany, R. Oldenbourg, p. 308–560.Google Scholar
Wachsmuth, C., and Springer, F., 1880–1886, Revision of the Palaeocrinoidea: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Part 1, The families Ichthyocrinidae and Cyathocrinidae (1880), p. 226–378 (separate repaged p. 1–153); Part 2, Family Sphaeroidocrinidae, with the sub-families Platycrinidae, Rhodocrinidae, and Actinocrinidae (1881), p. 177–411; Part 3, Section 1, Discussion of the classification and relations of the brachiate crinoids, and conclusion of the generic descriptions (1885), p. 225–364; Part 3, Section 2, Discussion of the classification and relations of the brachiate crinoids, and conclusion of the generic descriptions (1886), p. 64–226.Google Scholar
Wright, D.F., 2017, Bayesian estimation of fossil phylogenies and the evolution of early to middle Paleozoic crinoids (Echinodermata): Journal of Paleontology, v. 91, p. 799–814, doi:10.10.17/jpa.2-16.141.Google Scholar
Wright, D.F., and Toom, U., 2017, New crinoids from the Baltic region (Estonia): Fossil tip-dating phylogenetics constrains the origin and Ordovician–Silurian diversification of the Flexibilia (Echinodermata): Palaeontology, v. 60, p. 893–910, doi:10.1111/pala.12324.Google Scholar
Wright, D.F., Ausich, W.I., Cole, S.R., Peter, M.E., and Rhenberg, E.C., 2017, Phylogenetic taxonomy and classification of the Crinoidea (Echinodermata): Journal of Paleontology, v. 91, p. 829–846, doi:10.1917/jpa.2016.142.Google Scholar