No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
Cliff recession geodynamics variability and constraints within poorly consolidated landslide-prone coasts in the southern Baltic Sea, Poland
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 March 2024
Abstract
This study identifies the reasons for geodynamics variability of the coastal system within two cliff-shore sections of the southern Baltic Sea (SBS). The comparative analysis included distinct moraines and their foregrounds near the open sea (S1) and within the Gulf of Gdańsk (S2). Short-term trends indicate a direct link between landslide occurrence and increased cliff retreat. Long-term (total) values were obtained by developing the 4F MODEL for large-scale applications, based on the analysis of remote sensing and hydroacoustic data (to determine the extent of shore platforms), the modelling of higher-order polynomial functions describing their extent, followed by the integral calculus of the indicated functions within the open-source Desmos environment. The retreat dynamics for individual landslides (S1) was an order of magnitude higher (m/yr) than the average for the whole cliff section (0.17 ± 0.008 m/yr), which correlates well with medium- and long-term development tendencies and recession dynamics, revealed by the numerical modelling method, since approximately 8 ka b2k, years before 2000 CE (at S1 = 0.17 ± 0.020 m/yr, at S2 = 0.11 ± 0.005 m/yr). While the approach described in this paper can reveal, project, and simulate the dynamics of past and future trends within other cliffed coasts shaped in tideless conditions, it also proves stable moraine erosional responses to sea-level rise since the Mid-Holocene.
Keywords
Information
- Type
- Research Article
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © Polish Geological Institute–National Research Institute, 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Quaternary Research Center
References
Alari, V., 2013. Multi-Scale Wind Wave Modeling in the Baltic Sea. PhD thesis. Institute at Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia.Google Scholar
Ashton, A.D., Walkden, M.J.A., Dickson, M.E., 2011. Equilibrium responses of cliffed coasts to changes in the rate of sea level rise. Marine Geology 284, 217–229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bagdanavičiute, I., Kelpšaite, L., Daunys, D., 2012. Assessment of shoreline changes along the Lithuanian Baltic Sea coast during the period 1947–2010. Baltica 25, 171–184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baldo, M., Bicocchi, C., Chiocchini, U., Giordan, D., Lollino, G., 2009. LIDAR monitoring of mass wasting processes: the Radicofani landslide, Province of Siena, central Italy. Geomorphology 105, 193–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bärring, L., Fortuniak, K., 2009. Multi-indices analysis of southern Scandinavian storminess 1780–2005 and links to interdecadal variations in the NW Europe–North Sea region. International Journal of Climatology 29, 373–384.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bełdowska, M., Jędruch, A., Łęczyński, L., Saniewska, D., Kwasigroch, U., 2016. Coastal erosion as a source of mercury into the marine environment along the Polish Baltic shore. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23, 16372–16382.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bennett, M., Glasser, N., 2009. Glacial Geology: Ice Sheets and Landforms. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, UK.Google Scholar
Bennike, O., Jensen, J.B., 2011. Postglacial relative shore level changes in Lillbælt, Denmark. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin 28, 17–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bitinas, A., Žaromskis, R., Gulbinskas, S., Damušyte, A., Žilinskas, G., Jarmalavičius, D., 2005. The results of integrated investigations of the Lithuanian coast of the Baltic Sea: geology, geomorphology, dynamics and human impact. Geological Quarterly 49, 355–362.Google Scholar
Börner, A., 2010. Comparison of Quaternary stratigraphy used in Northeast-Germany and Poland. Schriftenreihe der DGG 62, 148–153.Google Scholar
Carpenter, N.E., Dickson, M.E., Walkden, M.J.A., Nicholls, R.J., Powrie, W., 2014. Effects of varied lithology on soft-cliff recession rates. Marine Geology 354, 40–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collins, B.D., Sitar, N., 2008. Processes of coastal bluff erosion in weakly lithified sands, Pacifica, California, USA. Geomorphology 97, 483–501.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cyberski, J., 2011. Climate, hydrology and hydrodynamics of the Baltic Sea. In: Uścinowicz, S. (Ed.), Geochemistry of Baltic Sea Surface Sediments. Polish Geological Institute–National Research Institute, Warsaw, pp. 55–65.Google Scholar
Dickson, M.E., Perry, G.L.W., 2016. Identifying the controls on coastal cliff landslides using machine-learning approaches. Environmental Modelling and Software 76, 117–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dudzińska-Nowak, J., 2017. Morphodynamic processes of the Swina Gate coastal zone development (southern Baltic Sea). In: Harff, J., Furmańczyk, K., von Storch, H. (Eds.), Coastline Changes of the Baltic Sea from South to East. Coastal Research Library 19. Springer, Cham, Switzerland.Google Scholar
Earlie, C.S., Masselink, G., Russell, P.E., Shail, R.K., 2015. Application of airborne LiDAR to investigate rates of recession in rocky coast environments. Journal of Coastal Conservation 19, 831–845.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eberhards, G., Saltupe, B., 2006. Hurricane Erwin 2005 coastal erosion in Latvia. Baltica 19(1), 10–19.Google Scholar
Finkel, R.A., Bentley, J.L., 1974. Quad trees: a data structure for retrieval on composite keys. Acta Informatica 4, 1–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Florek, W., Kaczmarzyk, J., Majewski, M., Olszak, I.J., 2008. Lithological and extreme event control of changes in cliff morphology in the Ustka region. [In Polish with English abstract.] Landform Analysis 7, 53–68.Google Scholar
Formela, K., Marsz, A.A., 2011. Changeability in the number of days with gale over the Baltic Sea (1971–2009). Prace i Studia Geograficzne 47, 189–196.Google Scholar
Frydel, J.J., 2022. Numerical model of late Pleistocene and Holocene ice sheet and shoreline dynamics in the southern Baltic Sea, Poland. Quaternary Research 107, 57–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frydel, J.J., Mil, L., Szarafin, T., Koszka-Maroń, D., Przyłucka, M., 2017. Spatiotemporal differentiation of cliff erosion rate within the Ustka Bay near Orzechowo. [In Polish with English abstract.] Landform Analysis 34, 3–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grabowski, D., Marciniec, P., Mrozek, T., Nescieruk, P., Rączkowski, W., Wójcik, A., Zimnal, Z., 2008. Instruction to Develop Maps of Landslides and Areas Endangered by Mass Movements on a Scale of 1:10,000. [In Polish.] PGI-NRI, Warsaw.Google Scholar
Groll, N., Grabemann, I., Hünicke, B., Meese, M., 2017. Baltic sea wave conditions under climate change scenarios. Boreal Environment Research 22, 1–12.Google Scholar
Hackney, C., Darby, S.E., Leyland, J., 2013. Modelling the response of soft cliffs to climate change: A statistical, process-response model using accumulated excess energy. Geomorphology 187, 108–121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hanafin, J.A., Quilfen, Y., Ardhuin, F., Sienkiewicz, J., Queffeulou, P., Obrebski, M., Chapron, B., et al., 2012. Phenomenal sea states and swell from a north Atlantic storm in February 2011: a comprehensive analysis. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 93, 1825–1832.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hapke, C., Plant, N., 2010. Predicting coastal cliff erosion using a Bayesian probabilistic model. Marine Geology 278, 140–149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harff, J., Flemming, N.C., Groh, A., Hünnicke, B., Lericolais, G., Meschede, M., Rosentau, A., et al., 2017. Sea level and climate. In: Flemming, N.C., Harff, J., Moura, D., Burgess, A., Bailey, G.N. (Eds.), Submerged Landscapes of the European Continental Shelf: Quaternary Paleoenvironments. 1st ed. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, UK, pp. 11–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HELCOM, 2013. Climate change in the Baltic Sea area, HELCOM thematic assessment in 2013. Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings 137, 66.Google Scholar
Hoffmann, G., Lampe, R., 2007. Sediment budget calculation to estimate Holocene coastal changes on the southwest Baltic Sea (Germany). Marine Geology 243, 143–156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hurrell, J.W., 1995. Decadal trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation: regional temperatures and precipitation. Science 269, 676–679.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hurst, M.D., Rood, D.H., Ellis, M.A., Anderson, R.S., Dornbusch, U., 2016. Recent acceleration in coastal cliff retreat rates on the south coast of Great Britain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 113, 13336–13341.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[IPCC] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2018. Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the Impacts of Global Warming of 1.5°C above Pre-industrial Levels and Related Global Greenhouse Gas Emission Pathways, in the Context of Strengthening the Global Response to the Threat of Climate Change, Sustainable Development, and Efforts to Eradicate Poverty. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.Google Scholar
Jegliński, W., 2013. Development of the Gulf of Gdańsk coast in the area of the Dead Vistula mouth. [In Polish with English abstract.] Przegląd Geologiczny 61, 587–595.Google Scholar
Jurys, L., Kaulbarsz, D., Masłowska, M., Michałowska, M., Zaleszkiewicz, L., 2006. Geological Structure of the Cliffs of the Polish Coast from Gdynia Orłowo to Ustka. [In Polish.] Archives, PGI-NRI, Gdańsk.Google Scholar
Kamiński, M., Krawczyk, K., Zientara, P., 2012. Identification of the geological structure of the cliff in Jastrzębia Góra. Bulletin of PGI-NRI 452, 119–130.Google Scholar
Kamiński, M., Zientara, P., Krawczyk, K., 2023. Application of airborne laser scanning and electrical resistivity tomography in the study of an active landslide and geology of the cliff, Jastrzębia Góra, Poland. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 82(131), 1–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karwacki, K., 2021. Temporal-Spatial Models of Landslide Development using Photogrammetric Methods (on the Example of Selected Landslides). [In Polish with English summary.] PhD thesis. Polish Geological Institute–National Research Institute, Warsaw.Google Scholar
Kaulbarsz, D., 2005. Geology and glaciotectonics of the Orłowo Cliff in Gdynia, northern Poland. [In Polish with English abstract.] Przegląd Geologiczny Geol. 53, 572–581.Google Scholar
Kolander, R., Morche, D., Bimböse, M., 2013. Quantification of moraine cliff coast erosion on Wolin Island (Baltic Sea, northwest Poland). Baltica 26, 37–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kostrzewski, A., Zwoliński, Z., Winowski, M., Tylkowski, J., Samołyk, M., 2015. Cliff top recession rate and cliff hazards for the sea coast of Wolin Island (Southern Baltic). Baltica 28, 109–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kowalewski, M., 1997. A three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the Gulf of Gdansk. Oceanological Studies 26, 77–98.Google Scholar
Kowalewski, M., Kowalewska-Kalkowska, H., 2011. Performance of operationally calculated hydrodynamic forecasts during storm surges in the Pomeranian Bay and the Szczecin Lagoon. Boreal Environment Research 16(Suppl. A), 27–41.Google Scholar
Kowalewski, M., Kowalewska-Kalkowska, H., 2017. Sensitivity of the Baltic Sea level prediction to spatial model resolution. Journal of Marine Systems 173, 101–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kramarska, R., Frydel, J., Jegliński, W., 2011. Terrestrial laser scanning application for coastal geodynamics assessment: the case of Jastrzebia Góra cliff. [In Polish with English abstract.] Bulletin of PGI-NRI 446, 101–108.Google Scholar
Kramarska, R., Uścinowicz, G., Jurys, L., Jegliński, W., Przezdziecki, P., Frydel, J., Tarnawska, E., Lidzbarski, M., Damrat, M., Woźniak, M., 2014. 4D Cartography Pilot Project in the Coastal Zone of the Southern Baltic Sea. [In Polish.] PGI-NRI, Warsaw-Gdańsk, p. 58.Google Scholar
Kubowicz-Grajewska, A., 2016. Experimental investigation into wave interaction with a rubble-mound submerged breakwater (case study). Journal of Marine Science and Technology 22, 313–326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuhn, D., Prüfer, S., 2014. Coastal cliff monitoring and analysis of mass wasting processes with the application of terrestrial laser scanning: a case study of Rügen, Germany. Geomorphology 213, 153–165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kwiecień, K., 1990. The climate. [In Polish.] In: Majewski, A. (Ed.), The Gulf of Gdańsk. Wydawnictwa geologiczne, Warsaw, pp. 69–114, 502.Google Scholar
Kwoczek, P., 2007. Changes in the Cliff Shore of the Redłowo Moraine in the Gdynia Region in the Years 1997–2007. [In Polish.] MSc thesis typescript. Institute of Oceanography of University of Gdańsk.Google Scholar
Łabuz, T., 2017. Morphodynamics and rate of cliff erosion in Trzęsacz (1997–2017). [In Polish with English abstract.] Landform Analysis 34, 29–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Łabuz, T. A., 2012. Coastal response to climatic changes: discussion with emphasis on southern Baltic Sea. Landform Analysis 21, 43–55.Google Scholar
Lampe, R., Naumann, M., Meyer, H., Janke, W., Ziekur, R., 2011. Holocene evolution of the southern Baltic Sea Coast and interplay of sea-level variation, isostasy, accommodation, and sediment supply. In: Harff, J., Björck, S., Hoth, P. (Eds.), The Baltic Sea Basin. Springer, Berlin, pp. 233–251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lange, W.P., de Moon, V.G., 2005. Estimating long-term cliff recession rates from shore platform widths. Engineering Geology 80, 292–301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Łęczyński, L., Kubowicz-Grajewska, A., 2013. Case study of the Gdynia Orłowo Cliff. [In Polish.] In: Łabuz, T.A. (Ed.), WWF Report: The Methods of Sea Shore Protection and Their Impact on the Natural Environment of the Polish Baltic Coast. World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, pp. 154–163.Google Scholar
Lidzbarski, M., Tarnawska, E., 2015. The role of the hydrogeological research on cliff coast in diagnosis and forecasting of the geological hazards. [In Polish with English abstract.] Przegląd Geologiczny 63, 901–907.Google Scholar
Liu, J., Cai, F., Qi, H., Lei, G., Cao, L., 2011. Coastal erosion along the west coast of the Taiwan Strait and its influencing factors. Journal of Ocean University of China 10(1), 23–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Małka, A., Frydel, J.J., Jurys, L., 2017. Causes of natural and anthropogenic mass movements in Gdynia. [In Polish with English abstract.] Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego 470, 63–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Medjkane, M., Maquaire, O., Costa, S., Roulland, T., Letortu, P., Fauchard, C., Antoine, R., Davidson, R., 2018. High-resolution monitoring of complex coastal morphology changes: cross-efficiency of SfM and TLS-based survey (Vaches-Noires cliffs, Normandy, France). Landslides 15, 1097–1108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, M., Harff, J., 2005. Modelling paleo coastline changes of the Baltic Sea. Journal of Coastal Research 21, 598–609.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montoya-Montes, I., Rodríguez-Santalla, I., Sánchez-García, M.J., Alcántara-Carrió, J., Martín-Velázquez, S., Gómez-Ortiz, D., Martín-Crespo, T., 2012. Mapping of landslide susceptibility of coastal cliffs: the Mont-Roig del Camp case study. Geologica Acta 10, 439–455.Google Scholar
Müller, A., 2001. Late- and Postglacial Sea-Level Change and Paleoenvironments in the Oder Estuary, Southern Baltic Sea. Quaternary Research 55, 86–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Müller-Navarra, S.H., 2003. Independent tides in the Baltic Sea. [In German with English abstract.] In: Fennel, W., Hentzsch, B. (Eds.), Marine Science Reports. No. 54. Institut für Ostseeforschung, Warnemünde, Germany, pp. 33–37.Google Scholar
Olszak, I.J., Florek, W., Seul, C., Majewski, M., 2008. Stratygrafia i litologia mineralnych osadów występujących w klifach środkowej części polskiego wybrzeża Bałtyku [Stratigraphy and lithology of minerogenic deposits in coastal cliffs, middle section of the Polish Baltic coast]. Landform Analysis 7, 113–118.Google Scholar
Orviku, K., Tõnisson, H., Kont, A., Suuroja, S., Anderson, A., 2013. Retreat rate of cliffs and scarps with different geological properties in various locations along the Estonian coast. Journal of Coastal Research 65, 552–557.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ostrowski, R., Stella, M., 2016. Sediment transport beyond the surf zone under waves and currents of the non-tidal sea: Lubiatowo (Poland) case study. Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics 63, 63–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pakszys, P., 2014. Application of an object classification method for determining the spatial distribution of sea bottom structures and their cover using images from a side scan sonar. In: Zielinski, T., Pazdro, K., Dragan-Górska, A., Weydmann, A. (Eds.), Insights on Environmental Changes. GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences. Springer, Cham, Switzerland, pp. 77–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poulton, C.V.L., Lee, J., Hobbs, P., Jones, L., Hall, M., 2006. Preliminary investigation into monitoring coastal erosion using terrestrial laser scanning: case study at Happisburgh, Norfolk. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Norfolk 56, 45–64.Google Scholar
Prémaillon, M., Regard, V., Dewez, T.J.B., Auda, Y., 2018. GlobR2C2 (Global Recession Rates of Coastal Cliffs): a global relational database to investigate coastal rocky cliff erosion rate variations. Earth Surface Dynamics 6, 651–668.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rijn, L.C., Van, 2011. Coastal erosion and control. Ocean and Coastal Management 54, 867–887.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosser, N.J., Petley, D.N., Lim, M., Dunning, S.A., Allison, R.J., 2005. Terrestrial laser scanning for monitoring the process of hard rock coastal cliff erosion. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 38, 363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rößler, D., Moros, M., Lemke, W., 2011. The Littorina transgression in the southwestern Baltic Sea: new insights based on proxy methods and radiocarbon dating of sediment cores. Boreas 40, 231–241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rudowski, S., Rucińska-Zjadacz, M., Wróblewski, R., Sitkiewicz, P., 2016. Submarine landslides on the slope of a sandy barrier: a case study of the tip of the Hel Peninsula in the Southern Baltic. Geological Quarterly 60, 407–416.Google Scholar
Sabatier, P., Dezileau, L., Colin, C., Briqueu, L., Bouchette, F., Martinez, P., Siani, G., Raynal, O., Von Grafenstein, U., 2012. 7000 years of paleostorm activity in the NW Mediterranean Sea in response to Holocene climate events. Quaternary Research 77, 1–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schulz, W.H., 2007. Landslide susceptibility revealed by LIDAR imagery and historical records, Seattle, Washington. Engineering Geology 89, 67–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sokołowski, R.J., Janowski, Ł., Hrynowiecka, A., Molodkov, A., 2019. Evolution of fluvial system during the Pleistocene warm stage (Marine Isotope Stage 7)—a case study from the Błądzikowo Formation, N Poland. Quaternary International 501(Part A), 109–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spiridonov, M., Ryabchuk, D., Zhamoida, V., Sergeev, A., Sivkov, V., Boldyrev, V., 2011. Geological hazard potential at the Baltic Sea and its coastal zone: Examples from the eastern Gulf of Finland and the Kaliningrad area. In: Harff, J., Björck, S., Hoth, P. (Eds.), The Baltic Sea Basin. Part VI. Springer, Berlin, pp. 337–364.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Subotowicz, W., 1982. Lithodynamics of the Cliff Shores of the Polish Coast. [In Polish.] GTN–Ossolineum, Wrocław.Google Scholar
Subotowicz, W., 2000. Geodynamic studies of cliffs in Poland and the issue of protecting the cliff in Jastrzębia Góra. [In Polish.] Inżynieria Morska i Geotechnika 5, 252–257.Google Scholar
Terefenko, P., Zelaya Wziątek, D., Dalyot, S., Boski, T., Pinheiro Lima-Filho, F., 2018. A high-precision LiDAR-based method for surveying and classifying coastal notches. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 7, 295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomczak, A., 1995. Geological structure of the coastal zone (I). In: Mojski, J.E. (Ed.), Geological Atlas of the Southern Baltic. Polish Geological Institute, Warsaw, plate XXXIII.Google Scholar
Trenhaile, A.S., 2010. Modeling cohesive clay coast evolution and response to climate change. Marine Geology 277, 11–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tuomi, L., Kahma, K.K., Pettersson, H., 2011. Wave hindcast statistics in the seasonally ice-covered Baltic Sea. Boreal Environment Research 16, 451–472.Google Scholar
Tylmann, K., Rinterknecht, V.R., Woźniak, P.P., Guillou, V., ASTER Team, 2022. Asynchronous dynamics of the last Scandinavian Ice Sheet along the Pomeranian ice-marginal belt: a new scenario inferred from surface exposure 10Be dating. Quaternary Science Reviews 294, 107755.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tylmann, K., Uścinowicz, S., 2022. Timing of the last deglaciation phases in the southern Baltic area inferred from Bayesian age modeling. Quaternary Science Reviews 287, 107563.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uścinowicz, G., Kramarska, R., Kaulbarsz, D., Jurys, L., Frydel, J. J., Przezdziecki, P., Jegliński, W., 2014. Baltic Sea coastal erosion; a case study from the Jastrzębia Góra region. Geologos 4, 259–268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uścinowicz, G., Lidzbarski, M., Pączek, U., Dąbrowski, M., Jasiński, Ł., Szarafin, T., Jurys, L., et al., 2018. 4D Cartography in the coastal zone of the southern Baltic Sea. [In Polish.] PGI-NRI, Gdańsk.Google Scholar
Uścinowicz, S., 1995a. Quaternary thickness. In: Mojski, J.E. (Ed.), Geological Atlas of the Southern Baltic. Polish Geological Institute, Warsaw, plate XIII.Google Scholar
Uścinowicz, S., 1995b. Recent sedimentary processes. In: Mojski, J.E. (Ed.), Geological Atlas of the Southern Baltic. Polish Geological Institute, Warsaw, plate XXVIII.Google Scholar
Uścinowicz, S., 2003. Relative sea level changes, glacio-isostatic rebound and shoreline displacement in the Southern Baltic. Polish Geological Institute Special Papers 10, 1–80.Google Scholar
Uścinowicz, S., 2006. A relative sea-level curve for the Polish Southern Baltic Sea. Quaternary International 145–146, 86–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uścinowicz, S., 2011. Geological Setting and Bottom Sediments in the Baltic Sea. In: Uścinowicz, S. (ed.), Geochemistry of Baltic Sea Surface Sediments. Polish Geological Institute–National Research Institute, Warsaw, pp. 66–76.Google Scholar
Uścinowicz, S., Zachowicz, J., Graniczny, M., Dobracki, R., 2004. Geological structure of the southern Baltic Coast and related hazards. Polish Geological Institute Special Papers 15, 61–68.Google Scholar
Ventura, G., Vilardo, G., Terranova, C., Sessa, E.B., 2011. Tracking and evolution of complex active landslides by multi-temporal airborne LiDAR data: the Montaguto landslide (Southern Italy). Remote Sensing of Environment 115, 3237–3248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walkden, M.J.A., Hall, J.W., 2005. A predictive Mesoscale model of the erosion and profile development of soft rock shores. Coastal Engineering 52, 535–563.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winowski, M., Tylkowski, J., Hojan, M., 2022. Assessment of Moraine Cliff Spatio-Temporal Erosion on Wolin Island Using ALS Data Analysis. Remote Sensing 14, 3115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Witkowski, B., Wolski, M., 2015. Protection of the Area Adjacent to the Cliffs Slope Reinforcement in the Area of Jastrzębia Góra. Chainge km 134.40–134.50. [In Polish.] As-Built Documentation, Maritime Office in Gdynia.Google Scholar
Woźniak, P.P., Sokołowski, R.J., Czubla, P., Fedorowicz, S., 2018. Stratigraphic position of tills in the Orłowo cliff section (northern Poland): a new approach. Studia Quaternaria 35, 25–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, A.P., 2018. Decadal-scale coastal cliff retreat in southern and central California. Geomorphology 300, 164–175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, A.P., Guza, R.T., Matsumoto, H., Merrifield, M.A., O'Reilly, W.C., Swirad, Z.M., 2021. Three years of weekly observations of coastal cliff erosion by waves and rainfall. Geomorphology 375, 107545.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zaleszkiewicz, L., Pikies, R., 2007. Gdynia Orłowo Cliff—Geologic History. [In Polish.] PGI-NRI Branch of Marine Geology, Gdańsk.Google Scholar
Zawadzka-Kahlau, E., 1999. Development Trends on the Polish Shores of the Southern Baltic Sea. [In Polish.] Gdańskie Towarzystwo Naukowe, Gdańsk.Google Scholar
Zeidler, R.B., 1995. Sea level rise and coast evolution in Poland. Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference 3, 3462–3475.Google Scholar
Zhang, W., Harff, J., Schneider, R., 2011. Analysis of 50-year wind data of the southern Baltic Sea for modelling coastal morphological evolution—a case study from the Darss-Zingst Peninsula. Oceanologia 53, 489–518.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ziervogel, K., Bohling, B., 2003. Sedimentological parameters and erosion behaviour of submarine coastal sediments in the south-western Baltic Sea. Geo-Marine Letters 23, 43–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frydel supplementary material
Frydel supplementary material
File
83.6 MB
A correction has been issued for this article:
Linked content
Please note a has been issued for this article.